201
87. Yap N, Andres RP, Delgass WN (2004) Reactivity and stability of Au in and on TS-1 for
epoxidation of propylene with H 2 and O 2 . J Catal 226:156
88. Nijhuis TA, Huizinga BJ, Makkee M, Moulijn JA (1999) Direct epoxidation of propene using
gold dispersed on TS-1 and other titanium-containing supports. Ind Eng Chem Res 38:884
89. Zheng X, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Zhan W, Guo Y, Wang Y, Lu G (2012) Epoxidation of propylene
by molecular oxygen over supported Ag−Cu bimetallic catalysts with low Ag loading. J Mol
Catal A Chem 357:106–111
90. Tatsumi T, Nakamura M, Yuasa K, Tominaga H (1991) Shape selectivity as a function of pore
size in epoxidation of alkenes with supported titanium catalysts. Catal Lett 10:259–262
91. Perego C, Carati A, Ingallina P, Mantegaza MA, Bellussi G (2001) Production of titanium
containing molecular sieves and their application in catalysis. Appl Catal A Gen 221:63–72
92. Short PL (2009) BASF, Dow Open. Novel propylene oxide plant. Chem Eng News 87:21
93. https://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/presidential- green- chemistry- challenge- 2010- greenersynthetic- pathways- award
94. Khatib SJ, Oyama ST (2015) Direct oxidation of propylene to propylene oxide with molecular
oxygen: a review. Catal Rev 57:306–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/01614940.2015.1041849
95. Vaughan O, Kyriakou G, Macleod N, Tikhov M, Lambert R (2005) Copper as a selective
catalyst for the epoxidation of propene. J Catal 236:401–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jcat.2005.10.019
96. Ghosh S, Acharyya SS, Tiwari R, Sarkar B, Singha RK, Pendem C, Bal R (2014) Selective
oxidation of propylene to propylene oxide over silver-supported tungsten oxide nanostructure
with molecular oxygen. ACS Catal 4:2169–2174. https://doi.org/10.1021/cs5004454
97. Kalavachev YK, Hayashi T, Tshbota S, Haruta M (1997) 3rd world congress on oxidation
catalysis. Elsevier, Amsterdam
98. Haruta M (1997) Size- and support-dependency in the catalysis of gold. Catal Today 36:153
99. Nijhuis TA, Visser T, Weckhuysen BM (2005) Mechanistic study into the direct epoxidation
of propene over gold/titania catalysts. J Phys Chem B 109:19309
100. Nijhuis TA, Chen J, Kriescher SMA, Schouten JC (2010) The direct epoxidation of propene
in the explosive regime in a microreactor: a study into the reaction kinetics. Ind Eng Chem
Res 49:10479
101. Chen J, Halin SJA, Schouten JC, Nijhuis TA (2011) Kinetic study of propylene epoxidation
with H 2 and O 2 over Au/Ti−SiO 2 in the explosive regime. Faraday Discuss 152:321
102. Nexant markets and profitability (2018) Market analytics: acrylonitrile. https://www.nexanteca.com/reports/market-analytics-acrylonitrile-2018
103. The SOHIO acrylonitrile process (2007) Americian Chemical Society. Accessed 14 Nov 2007
104. Grasselli RK (2011) In: Hess C, Schlögl R (eds) Ammoxidation of propylene and propane to acrylonitrile nanostructured catalysts: selective oxidations. Royal Society of
Chemistry, London
105. Brazdil JF (2012) Acrylonitrile. Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Wiley,
Hoboken. https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a01_177.pub3
106. Grasselli RK, Ferruccion T (2016) Acrylonitrile from biomass: still far from being a sustainable process. Top Catal 59:1651–1658
107. Bastião DS (2019) Study of the eco-efficiency of acrylonitrile production processes. http://
www.revistasg.uff.br/index.php/sg/article/view/1455/html_1
108. Grasselli RK (2002) Fundamental principles of selective heterogeneous oxidation in catalysis. Top Catal 21:79–88
109. Grasselli RK (1999) Advances and future trends in selective oxidation and ammoxidation
catalysis. Catal Today 14:49
110. Callahan JL, Milberg EC (1966) Process for preparing olefinically, unsaturated nitriles. US
Patent 3230246
111. Grasselli RK (1997) Handbook of heterogeneous catalysis. In: Ertl G, Knoezinger H,
Weitkamp J (eds) 4.6.6. Ammoxidation. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p 2302
C3-Based Petrochemicals: Recent Advances in Processes and Catalysts
87. Yap N, Andres RP, Delgass WN (2004) Reactivity and stability of Au in and on TS-1 for
epoxidation of propylene with H 2 and O 2 . J Catal 226:156
88. Nijhuis TA, Huizinga BJ, Makkee M, Moulijn JA (1999) Direct epoxidation of propene using
gold dispersed on TS-1 and other titanium-containing supports. Ind Eng Chem Res 38:884
89. Zheng X, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Zhan W, Guo Y, Wang Y, Lu G (2012) Epoxidation of propylene
by molecular oxygen over supported Ag−Cu bimetallic catalysts with low Ag loading. J Mol
Catal A Chem 357:106–111
90. Tatsumi T, Nakamura M, Yuasa K, Tominaga H (1991) Shape selectivity as a function of pore
size in epoxidation of alkenes with supported titanium catalysts. Catal Lett 10:259–262
91. Perego C, Carati A, Ingallina P, Mantegaza MA, Bellussi G (2001) Production of titanium
containing molecular sieves and their application in catalysis. Appl Catal A Gen 221:63–72
92. Short PL (2009) BASF, Dow Open. Novel propylene oxide plant. Chem Eng News 87:21
93. https://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/presidential- green- chemistry- challenge- 2010- greenersynthetic- pathways- award
94. Khatib SJ, Oyama ST (2015) Direct oxidation of propylene to propylene oxide with molecular
oxygen: a review. Catal Rev 57:306–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/01614940.2015.1041849
95. Vaughan O, Kyriakou G, Macleod N, Tikhov M, Lambert R (2005) Copper as a selective
catalyst for the epoxidation of propene. J Catal 236:401–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jcat.2005.10.019
96. Ghosh S, Acharyya SS, Tiwari R, Sarkar B, Singha RK, Pendem C, Bal R (2014) Selective
oxidation of propylene to propylene oxide over silver-supported tungsten oxide nanostructure
with molecular oxygen. ACS Catal 4:2169–2174. https://doi.org/10.1021/cs5004454
97. Kalavachev YK, Hayashi T, Tshbota S, Haruta M (1997) 3rd world congress on oxidation
catalysis. Elsevier, Amsterdam
98. Haruta M (1997) Size- and support-dependency in the catalysis of gold. Catal Today 36:153
99. Nijhuis TA, Visser T, Weckhuysen BM (2005) Mechanistic study into the direct epoxidation
of propene over gold/titania catalysts. J Phys Chem B 109:19309
100. Nijhuis TA, Chen J, Kriescher SMA, Schouten JC (2010) The direct epoxidation of propene
in the explosive regime in a microreactor: a study into the reaction kinetics. Ind Eng Chem
Res 49:10479
101. Chen J, Halin SJA, Schouten JC, Nijhuis TA (2011) Kinetic study of propylene epoxidation
with H 2 and O 2 over Au/Ti−SiO 2 in the explosive regime. Faraday Discuss 152:321
102. Nexant markets and profitability (2018) Market analytics: acrylonitrile. https://www.nexanteca.com/reports/market-analytics-acrylonitrile-2018
103. The SOHIO acrylonitrile process (2007) Americian Chemical Society. Accessed 14 Nov 2007
104. Grasselli RK (2011) In: Hess C, Schlögl R (eds) Ammoxidation of propylene and propane to acrylonitrile nanostructured catalysts: selective oxidations. Royal Society of
Chemistry, London
105. Brazdil JF (2012) Acrylonitrile. Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Wiley,
Hoboken. https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a01_177.pub3
106. Grasselli RK, Ferruccion T (2016) Acrylonitrile from biomass: still far from being a sustainable process. Top Catal 59:1651–1658
107. Bastião DS (2019) Study of the eco-efficiency of acrylonitrile production processes. http://
www.revistasg.uff.br/index.php/sg/article/view/1455/html_1
108. Grasselli RK (2002) Fundamental principles of selective heterogeneous oxidation in catalysis. Top Catal 21:79–88
109. Grasselli RK (1999) Advances and future trends in selective oxidation and ammoxidation
catalysis. Catal Today 14:49
110. Callahan JL, Milberg EC (1966) Process for preparing olefinically, unsaturated nitriles. US
Patent 3230246
111. Grasselli RK (1997) Handbook of heterogeneous catalysis. In: Ertl G, Knoezinger H,
Weitkamp J (eds) 4.6.6. Ammoxidation. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p 2302
C3-Based Petrochemicals: Recent Advances in Processes and Catalysts