151
MTO
Methanol to olefin
MTP
Methanol to propylene
OCP
Olefin cracking process
OCT
Olefin conversion technology
PDH
Propane dehydrogenation
PEM
Proton exchange membrane
PO
Propylene oxide
POC
Propylene oxide cumene only
R2P
Residue to propylene
R2R
Reactor-2-regenerators
RFCC
Resid fluid catalytic cracking
SAN
Styrene-acrylonitrile resin
SAP
Super absorbent polymer
SOEC
Solid oxide electrolyzer cell
T
Temperature
t
Time
TBHP
Tertiary butyl hydroperoxide
TSC
Thermal steam cracking
USY zeolite Ultra stable Y zeolite
wt%
Weight percentage
1 Introduction
1.1 Natural Sources of C3 Molecule: Current Scenario
The simplest C3 molecule is propane. It is found in petroleum and natural gas
deposits and is extracted as a by-product during the processing of natural gas.
Although propane is widely available, until recently, it has limited applications in
the production of C3-based chemicals. Propane is a thermodynamically stable molecule (∆ f H° gas = −104.7 kJ/mol) and primarily being used as a heating source. On
the other hand, its olefin counterpart propylene is a highly active molecule (∆ f H°
gas = 20.26 kJ/mol), is widely used as the feedstock for C3-based petrochemicals.
Propylene derivative especially polypropylene offers superior performance than
polyethylene with regard to the mechanical and chemical properties. Propylene consumption has increased significantly over the last two decades because of the tremendous growth in the polypropylene uses. In 2015, around 65–70% of global
propylene was consumed in the manufacturing of polypropylene [1]. Approximately
7% of the propylene was consumed for the production of propylene oxide. The
remaining propylene was used in the production of cumene, acrylonitrile, isopropyl
alcohol, and acrylic acid.
In comparison to ethylene-derived chemicals, propylene-derived chemicals offer
superior performance, which is driving demand for propylene in developed
C3-Based Petrochemicals: Recent Advances in Processes and Catalysts
MTO
Methanol to olefin
MTP
Methanol to propylene
OCP
Olefin cracking process
OCT
Olefin conversion technology
PDH
Propane dehydrogenation
PEM
Proton exchange membrane
PO
Propylene oxide
POC
Propylene oxide cumene only
R2P
Residue to propylene
R2R
Reactor-2-regenerators
RFCC
Resid fluid catalytic cracking
SAN
Styrene-acrylonitrile resin
SAP
Super absorbent polymer
SOEC
Solid oxide electrolyzer cell
T
Temperature
t
Time
TBHP
Tertiary butyl hydroperoxide
TSC
Thermal steam cracking
USY zeolite Ultra stable Y zeolite
wt%
Weight percentage
1 Introduction
1.1 Natural Sources of C3 Molecule: Current Scenario
The simplest C3 molecule is propane. It is found in petroleum and natural gas
deposits and is extracted as a by-product during the processing of natural gas.
Although propane is widely available, until recently, it has limited applications in
the production of C3-based chemicals. Propane is a thermodynamically stable molecule (∆ f H° gas = −104.7 kJ/mol) and primarily being used as a heating source. On
the other hand, its olefin counterpart propylene is a highly active molecule (∆ f H°
gas = 20.26 kJ/mol), is widely used as the feedstock for C3-based petrochemicals.
Propylene derivative especially polypropylene offers superior performance than
polyethylene with regard to the mechanical and chemical properties. Propylene consumption has increased significantly over the last two decades because of the tremendous growth in the polypropylene uses. In 2015, around 65–70% of global
propylene was consumed in the manufacturing of polypropylene [1]. Approximately
7% of the propylene was consumed for the production of propylene oxide. The
remaining propylene was used in the production of cumene, acrylonitrile, isopropyl
alcohol, and acrylic acid.
In comparison to ethylene-derived chemicals, propylene-derived chemicals offer
superior performance, which is driving demand for propylene in developed
C3-Based Petrochemicals: Recent Advances in Processes and Catalysts