7
Examples of Applications
Abstract
This chapter presents 13 exercises solved on the topics of Chaps. 1–6, aiming at
consolidating the physical principles to solve applied problems. Exercises 1 and
2 provide the calculation of the energy of one mole of photons and the modeling
of continuous solar radiation in the eventual absence of measured data. Exercise
3 shows the calculation of transmissivity using the radiation equation. Exercises
4 and 5 estimate the daily radiation flows in locations with measured data, also
considering the emissivity and reflectivity of the surface. Exercise 6 calculates
the sensitive heat flow on very small scales based on the wind profile and heat
transfer. Exercises 7, 8, and 9 estimate heat and water vapor flows using the
aerodynamic, eddy, and Bowen covariance methodologies, considering speed,
atmospheric stability, soil heat flows, and turbulent fluctuations. Exercise 10
offers a complete assessment of the radiative thermal load in a building. Exercise
11 parameterizes the components of the turbulent kinetic energy balance.
Exercise 12 shows the calculation of the particle sedimentation speed, following
the principles of mass transfer in Stokes and inertial domains. Finally, Exercise
13 offers an application of the Bernoulli and mass conservation principles for
estimating air velocity and pressure variation in open plains followed by
downward restrictive valleys.
7.1 Concepts of Energy Budget
The energy budget can be done on a surface or on a control volume. A large
agricultural or forest area may be considered a surface, but an individual tree can
also be considered a volume. Determining the energy budget involves identifying
and quantifying the types of energy exchanges between the system and the exterior
environment.
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Rodrigues et al., Fundamental Principles of Environmental Physics,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69025-0_7
237
Examples of Applications
Abstract
This chapter presents 13 exercises solved on the topics of Chaps. 1–6, aiming at
consolidating the physical principles to solve applied problems. Exercises 1 and
2 provide the calculation of the energy of one mole of photons and the modeling
of continuous solar radiation in the eventual absence of measured data. Exercise
3 shows the calculation of transmissivity using the radiation equation. Exercises
4 and 5 estimate the daily radiation flows in locations with measured data, also
considering the emissivity and reflectivity of the surface. Exercise 6 calculates
the sensitive heat flow on very small scales based on the wind profile and heat
transfer. Exercises 7, 8, and 9 estimate heat and water vapor flows using the
aerodynamic, eddy, and Bowen covariance methodologies, considering speed,
atmospheric stability, soil heat flows, and turbulent fluctuations. Exercise 10
offers a complete assessment of the radiative thermal load in a building. Exercise
11 parameterizes the components of the turbulent kinetic energy balance.
Exercise 12 shows the calculation of the particle sedimentation speed, following
the principles of mass transfer in Stokes and inertial domains. Finally, Exercise
13 offers an application of the Bernoulli and mass conservation principles for
estimating air velocity and pressure variation in open plains followed by
downward restrictive valleys.
7.1 Concepts of Energy Budget
The energy budget can be done on a surface or on a control volume. A large
agricultural or forest area may be considered a surface, but an individual tree can
also be considered a volume. Determining the energy budget involves identifying
and quantifying the types of energy exchanges between the system and the exterior
environment.
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Rodrigues et al., Fundamental Principles of Environmental Physics,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69025-0_7
237