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C. Valsecchi and R. Todeschini
The CPWR ranking was then interpreted by carrying out the retro-regression in
function of the original data matrix X and looking at the regression coefficients.
Regarding the environmental indicators, for both weighting Schemes N4 (energy
use) has a not significant coefficient as N2 (renewable water resources) and N3 (less
consumption). On the other hand, N5 (energy savings) and N6 (less greenhouse
gases) have a high coefficient suggesting that the sustainability ranking can be
explained in particular by these indicators.
5.2 Continents
5.2.1 Europe
Slight differences between the two weighting schemes were noticed also considering the 40 European countries described by 18 wellbeing indicators, being H1
(sufficient food), H2 (sufficient to drink) and H3 (safe sanitation) almost constant.
The countries in the two CPWR rankings (Fig. 3a, b) show small variations in the
ranking.
The corresponding standardized regression coefficients show a similar behaviour,
but those obtained using the equal weighting scheme are in general lower (Fig. 3a).
In particular, the most influent indicators are H5 (healthy life), N5 (energy savings) and E5 (less public debt). Moreover, N1 (biodiversity), N3 (less consumption),
N4 (less energy use) and E3 (GDP) are not influent over the ranking.
5.2.2 America
Interestingly, the H5 indicator (healthy life) is relevant also for the 25 American
countries ranking (Fig. 4), but with a high negative coefficient. This indicate that
H5 is inversely related to the ranking suggesting that the most sustainable American
countries are those with a less healthy lifestyle. In this case good governance (H9)
and less greenhouse gases (N6) are the indicator with the most relevant positive
coefficient for the equal and proportional weighting scheme, respectively. It can be
noticed for example that Canada (CAN) and Jamaica (JAM) decrease while Panama
(PAN) increases their CPWR scores considering the weights as proportional.
5.2.3 Africa
In the interpretation of the 44 African countries ranking, E3 (GDP) and N4 (less
energy use) have a negative coefficient (Fig. 5); while H3 (safe sanitation), H9
(good governance) and N7 (renewable energy) have the greatest positive coefficients
in the equal weights initialization case, while H5 (healthy life), N2 (renewable
water resources), E1 (organic farming), E2 (genuine savings), E4 (employment)
C. Valsecchi and R. Todeschini
The CPWR ranking was then interpreted by carrying out the retro-regression in
function of the original data matrix X and looking at the regression coefficients.
Regarding the environmental indicators, for both weighting Schemes N4 (energy
use) has a not significant coefficient as N2 (renewable water resources) and N3 (less
consumption). On the other hand, N5 (energy savings) and N6 (less greenhouse
gases) have a high coefficient suggesting that the sustainability ranking can be
explained in particular by these indicators.
5.2 Continents
5.2.1 Europe
Slight differences between the two weighting schemes were noticed also considering the 40 European countries described by 18 wellbeing indicators, being H1
(sufficient food), H2 (sufficient to drink) and H3 (safe sanitation) almost constant.
The countries in the two CPWR rankings (Fig. 3a, b) show small variations in the
ranking.
The corresponding standardized regression coefficients show a similar behaviour,
but those obtained using the equal weighting scheme are in general lower (Fig. 3a).
In particular, the most influent indicators are H5 (healthy life), N5 (energy savings) and E5 (less public debt). Moreover, N1 (biodiversity), N3 (less consumption),
N4 (less energy use) and E3 (GDP) are not influent over the ranking.
5.2.2 America
Interestingly, the H5 indicator (healthy life) is relevant also for the 25 American
countries ranking (Fig. 4), but with a high negative coefficient. This indicate that
H5 is inversely related to the ranking suggesting that the most sustainable American
countries are those with a less healthy lifestyle. In this case good governance (H9)
and less greenhouse gases (N6) are the indicator with the most relevant positive
coefficient for the equal and proportional weighting scheme, respectively. It can be
noticed for example that Canada (CAN) and Jamaica (JAM) decrease while Panama
(PAN) increases their CPWR scores considering the weights as proportional.
5.2.3 Africa
In the interpretation of the 44 African countries ranking, E3 (GDP) and N4 (less
energy use) have a negative coefficient (Fig. 5); while H3 (safe sanitation), H9
(good governance) and N7 (renewable energy) have the greatest positive coefficients
in the equal weights initialization case, while H5 (healthy life), N2 (renewable
water resources), E1 (organic farming), E2 (genuine savings), E4 (employment)