3.2 Inhibitor Evaluation .................................................................................. 57
3.3 Classification of Inhibitors........................................................................ 57
3.3.1P assivation Inhibitors................................................................... 57
3.3.2O rganic Inhibitors......................................................................... 58
3.3.3P recipitation Inhibitors ................................................................ 59
3.4 Inhibition of Acid Solution....................................................................... 59
3.4.1P hysical Adsorption ..................................................................... 60
3.4.2C hemisorption ............................................................................... 61
3.4.3I nteractions betweenAdsorbedI nhibitors ............................... 62
3.4.4R elationships between Inhibitor Reactivity
and Efficiency ................................................................................ 62
3.5 Inhibition of Near Neutral Solutions...................................................... 63
3.6 Inhibition of Alkaline Solutions .............................................................. 64
3.7 Temporary Protection with Inhibitors .................................................... 65
3.8 Inhibition of Localized Corrosion ........................................................... 65
3.9 Summary ..................................................................................................... 66
References ............................................................................................................ 67
Chapter 4L iquid-Applied Linings ............................................................. 69
4.1 Design of the Ve ssel................................................................................... 69
4.2 Ve ssel Preparation...................................................................................... 74
4.3 Lining Function .......................................................................................... 75
4.4 Lining Selection.......................................................................................... 75
4.5 Lining Application..................................................................................... 80
4.6 Inspection .................................................................................................... 81
4.7 Curing.......................................................................................................... 82
4.8 Safetyd uring Application ........................................................................ 82
4.9 Causeso fLining Failure........................................................................... 83
4.10 Specific LiquidL inings............................................................................. 84
4.10.1 Phenolics....................................................................................... 84
4.10.2 Epoxy............................................................................................ 85
4.10.3 Furans ........................................................................................... 88
4.10.4 Vinyl Esters .................................................................................. 93
4.10.5 EpoxyP olyamide........................................................................ 93
4.10.6 Coal TarE poxy............................................................................ 97
4.10.7 Coal Tar........................................................................................ 97
4.10.8 Urethanes ................................................................................... 103
4.10.9 Neoprene .................................................................................... 107
4.10.10 Polysulfide Rubber.................................................................... 110
4.10.11H ypalon....................................................................................... 110
4.10.12 Plastisols...................................................................................... 116
4.10.13 Perfluoroalkoxy......................................................................... 121
4.10.14 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene ............................................ 121
4.10.15 PTFE (Teflon)............................................................................. 125
4.10.16 Tefzel........................................................................................... 134
CAT8247—PRELIMS—10/11/2006—21:01—SRIDHAR—XML MODEL B–pp. 1–15