20
1 Physical Settings and Water Challenges
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
km 3
Year
surface water
groundwater
others
totoal
Fig. 1.3 Annual water supply in China. * Others normally refer to the non-traditional water
sources, including wastewater reuse, rainwater harvest, seawater desalination, salinity water, etc.
Sources Nanjing Institute of Hydrology of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resoources
and Hydropower Research (1998); Institute of Water and Power Planning, Ministry of Water and
Power (1989); MWR (1998–2017). Permission granted by Nanjing Institute of Hydrology of Water
Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research; Institute of Water and
Power Planning, Ministry of Water and Power; and MWR on their websites subject to proper citation
Fig. 1.4 Annual water use in China Sources Nanjing Institute of Hydrology of Water Resources,
China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (1998); Institute of Water and Power
Planning, Ministry of Water and Power (1989); MWR (1998–2017). Permission granted by Nanjing
Institute of Hydrology of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower
Research; Institute of Water and Power Planning, Ministry of Water and Power; and MWR on its
their websites subject to proper citation
Eco-environmental water use (calculated after 2003) increased from 8 to 14 km
3 in
2016. Eco-environmental water use is projected to increase with the country focusing
on eco-environmental protection.