15.2 Agricultural Water Use and Agricultural Production …
309
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Effective Irrigation Area (1000 ha)
Total Grain Yield (10 thousand ton)
Agricultural Water Use (billion m3)
Fig. 15.1 Agricultural water use and grain production in China during 1990–2018. Sources National
Bureau of Statistics of China; MWR (1998–2019) Water resources bulletin of China, 1997–2018;
Nanjing Institute of Hydrology of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and
Hydropower Research (1998) Middle and long-term water demand projection in China. China
Water and Power Press, Beijing.
Elaborated by the author, based on National Bureau of Statistics of China, MWR and Nanjing
Institute of Hydrology of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower
Research (1998). Permission granted by National Bureau of Statistics of China, MWR and Nanjing
Institute of Hydrology of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower
Research on their websites subject to proper citation
15.2.2 Agricultural Water Use and Production in Northern
China
Northern China here comprises 17 provinces, regions, and municipalities, including
Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning,
Shan’xi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, and Xinjiang.
For this part of the country as a whole, agricultural water use was 219.0 billion m
3
in 1993, comprising 76.7% of total water use in northern China. In 2018, the amount
used was little changed, at 218.3 billion m
3 , although this now comprised 66.5% of
total water use. During this period, the lowest level of agricultural water use was in
2003, at 196.1 billion m
3 , and the highest was in 1997, at 227.2 billion m
3 . As with
the rest of the country, it can be seen that agricultural water use in northern China
has remained relatively stable (Fig. 15.2).
The amount of irrigated land in northern China has grown rapidly. The effective
irrigated area was 29.87 million ha in 1990, increasing to 36.07 million ha in 2000,
and 46.73 million ha in 2018. The annual rate of increase during 1990–2012 was
1.61%, higher than the national average. The unit agricultural water use in northern
China decreased from 6,980 m
3 per ha in 1993 to 4,670 m
3 per ha in 2018, almost
reducing one-third in less than 30 years.
309
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Effective Irrigation Area (1000 ha)
Total Grain Yield (10 thousand ton)
Agricultural Water Use (billion m3)
Fig. 15.1 Agricultural water use and grain production in China during 1990–2018. Sources National
Bureau of Statistics of China; MWR (1998–2019) Water resources bulletin of China, 1997–2018;
Nanjing Institute of Hydrology of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and
Hydropower Research (1998) Middle and long-term water demand projection in China. China
Water and Power Press, Beijing.
Elaborated by the author, based on National Bureau of Statistics of China, MWR and Nanjing
Institute of Hydrology of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower
Research (1998). Permission granted by National Bureau of Statistics of China, MWR and Nanjing
Institute of Hydrology of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower
Research on their websites subject to proper citation
15.2.2 Agricultural Water Use and Production in Northern
China
Northern China here comprises 17 provinces, regions, and municipalities, including
Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning,
Shan’xi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, and Xinjiang.
For this part of the country as a whole, agricultural water use was 219.0 billion m
3
in 1993, comprising 76.7% of total water use in northern China. In 2018, the amount
used was little changed, at 218.3 billion m
3 , although this now comprised 66.5% of
total water use. During this period, the lowest level of agricultural water use was in
2003, at 196.1 billion m
3 , and the highest was in 1997, at 227.2 billion m
3 . As with
the rest of the country, it can be seen that agricultural water use in northern China
has remained relatively stable (Fig. 15.2).
The amount of irrigated land in northern China has grown rapidly. The effective
irrigated area was 29.87 million ha in 1990, increasing to 36.07 million ha in 2000,
and 46.73 million ha in 2018. The annual rate of increase during 1990–2012 was
1.61%, higher than the national average. The unit agricultural water use in northern
China decreased from 6,980 m
3 per ha in 1993 to 4,670 m
3 per ha in 2018, almost
reducing one-third in less than 30 years.