10.2 Recycled Water Reuse in China
229
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
recycled water supply (billion m3)
percentage of recycled water supply in total water supply
Fig. 10.2 Recycled water use in Beijing. Sources Beijing Water Affair Bureau (2004–2018) Water
resources bulletin of Beijing, 2003–2017. Permission granted by Beijing Water Affair Bureau on
its website subject to proper citation
their respective water quality demands, sources, facility, and technology for recycled
water vary. The uses of recycled water in urban areas include lawn and tree irrigation,
car washing, road watering, toilet flushing, construction use, and firefight use. The
uses of recycled water in agriculture include direct irrigation and indirect use by
discharge into irrigation canals or natural bodies of water. The industrial use consists
of two parts: the use of recycled urban water and the internal recycling of industrial
wastewater. The industry has a high demand on recycled water with a variety of
water quality requirements. The recycled water is widely used in cooling, washing,
and other low-quality processes. The eco-environmental use includes both direct and
indirect contact use.
10.3 Recycled Water Reuse Policy in China
Since 2000, China has issued many policies to promote the use of recycled water in
the country. As early as 2000, the state council requested to positively encourage nontraditional water use, including urban wastewater reuse, and to incorporate integrated
water resources management and allocation, in order to promote urban water supply,
water saving, and water pollution control (State Council 2000).
After that, in 2002, the National Planning Commission and the Ministry of
Construction requested to accelerate the construction of wastewater treatment and
recycling facilities, large public buildings, and the self-supply units not covered by
the public water supply network; that cities with certain conditions shall construct
recycled water use facilities in accordance with related provisions and standards; and
that measures shall be taken to encourage recycled water use in industrial, municipal,
and eco-environmental sectors (NDPC et al. 2002).
229
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
recycled water supply (billion m3)
percentage of recycled water supply in total water supply
Fig. 10.2 Recycled water use in Beijing. Sources Beijing Water Affair Bureau (2004–2018) Water
resources bulletin of Beijing, 2003–2017. Permission granted by Beijing Water Affair Bureau on
its website subject to proper citation
their respective water quality demands, sources, facility, and technology for recycled
water vary. The uses of recycled water in urban areas include lawn and tree irrigation,
car washing, road watering, toilet flushing, construction use, and firefight use. The
uses of recycled water in agriculture include direct irrigation and indirect use by
discharge into irrigation canals or natural bodies of water. The industrial use consists
of two parts: the use of recycled urban water and the internal recycling of industrial
wastewater. The industry has a high demand on recycled water with a variety of
water quality requirements. The recycled water is widely used in cooling, washing,
and other low-quality processes. The eco-environmental use includes both direct and
indirect contact use.
10.3 Recycled Water Reuse Policy in China
Since 2000, China has issued many policies to promote the use of recycled water in
the country. As early as 2000, the state council requested to positively encourage nontraditional water use, including urban wastewater reuse, and to incorporate integrated
water resources management and allocation, in order to promote urban water supply,
water saving, and water pollution control (State Council 2000).
After that, in 2002, the National Planning Commission and the Ministry of
Construction requested to accelerate the construction of wastewater treatment and
recycling facilities, large public buildings, and the self-supply units not covered by
the public water supply network; that cities with certain conditions shall construct
recycled water use facilities in accordance with related provisions and standards; and
that measures shall be taken to encourage recycled water use in industrial, municipal,
and eco-environmental sectors (NDPC et al. 2002).