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Contents
2.2.4 Water Resources Fee System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.2.5 Water Resources Justification System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.2.6 Planned Water Use System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2.7 Water Function Zoning System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.2.8 Total Pollutant Discharge Volume Control System . . . . . 39
2.2.9 Management System of Discharge Outlet
into Water Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.2.10 Total Water Volume Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.2.11 Quota Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.2.12 Metric Charging System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.2.13 Overcharge for Plan/Quota-Exceeding Use . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.2.14 Water-Saving System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.2.15 Groundwater Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.3 Relationships Among Water Resources Management
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.3.1 Water Resources Development and Use Process . . . . . . . 46
2.3.2 Management Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.3.3 Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.3.4 Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.3.5 Technical Review and Administrative
Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.3.6 Management Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.3.7 Management Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3 Water Resources Management Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.1 Water Management Institutions Before 1949 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.2 MWR Between Oct. 1949–Mar. 1958: Water Resources
Development and Agricultural Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.3 MWP Between Mar. 1958–Mar. 1988: Water Resources
Development and Power Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.3.1 MWP During February 1958–July 1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.3.2 MWP During July 1967–January 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.3.3 MWP During January 1975–February 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.3.4 MWR Between February 1979 and March 1982 . . . . . . . 65
3.3.5 MWP During March 1982–March 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.4 MWR During Mar. 1988–Mar. 2018: From Construction
to Water Resources Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.4.1 MWR During March 1988–March 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.4.2 MWR During March 1993–March 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.4.3 MWR During March 1998–March 2003
and March 2003–March 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.4.4 MWR During March 2008–March 2013
and March 2013–March 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71