0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
London
New York
Paris
Tokyo
Singapore
Seoul
Amsterdam
Berlin
Vienna
Frankfurt
Hong Kong
Shanghai
Sydney
Beijing
Zurich
Stockholm
Madrid
Toronto
Barcelona
Copenhagen
Brussels
Los Angeles
Osaka
Vancouver
Geneva
Washington D.C.
Istanbul
San Francisco
Chicago
Milan
Boston
Bangkok
Taipei
Kuala Lumpur
Fukuoka
Moscow
Mexico City
Sao Paulo
Mumbai
Cairo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Economy
Environment
Comprehensive
PosiƟon
Fig. 11.1
Forty cities and their positions in Environment and Economy (GPCI-2013)
212
H. Ichikawa and K. Sasaki