The GPCI employs three indicator groups (Ecology, Pollution, and Natural
Environment) to evaluate the environmental aspects of the cities. Each of the three
indicator groups is constituted of three indicators.
“Ecology” aims to evaluate the effects of the environmental actions by the private
and public sectors. Three indicators are included in this group: Number of Companies with ISO 14001 Certification, Percentage of Renewable Energy Used, and
Percentage of Paper Recycled.
“Pollution” aims to evaluate the degree of the environmental pollution. The
indicator group includes three indicators aimed at measuring air pollution: CO 2
Emissions, Density of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), and Density of Sulfur
Dioxide (SO 2 )—Density of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ).
“Natural Environment” aims to evaluate various aspects of the natural environment in the city. Three indicators are included in this group: Water Quality,
9 Level of
Green Coverage, and Comfort Level of Temperature.
The definitions of the Environment indicators (IUS-MMF 2013) are as follows:
11.2.2.1 Under the “Ecology” Indicator Group
Number of Companies with ISO 14001 Certification:
Prorated value for number of companies with ISO 14001 certification in the
country in which the target city is located per number of employees in the
country and the city.
Percentage of Renewable Energy Used:
Percentage of the renewable energy in the country where the target city is located.
Percentage of Paper Recycled:
Percentage of recycled paper usage in the country where the target city is located.
11.2.2.2 Under the “Pollution” Indicator Group
CO 2 Emissions:
CO 2 emissions (in tons) per employee for the country in which the target city is
located.
9 Although the indicator of Water Quality may better fit in the indicator group of “Pollution,” it is
included in the “Natural Environment” group to balance the number of indicators in the Environment indicator groups.
11 Sustainability and Urban Functions from the Perspective of the Global Power City. . .
209
Environment) to evaluate the environmental aspects of the cities. Each of the three
indicator groups is constituted of three indicators.
“Ecology” aims to evaluate the effects of the environmental actions by the private
and public sectors. Three indicators are included in this group: Number of Companies with ISO 14001 Certification, Percentage of Renewable Energy Used, and
Percentage of Paper Recycled.
“Pollution” aims to evaluate the degree of the environmental pollution. The
indicator group includes three indicators aimed at measuring air pollution: CO 2
Emissions, Density of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), and Density of Sulfur
Dioxide (SO 2 )—Density of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ).
“Natural Environment” aims to evaluate various aspects of the natural environment in the city. Three indicators are included in this group: Water Quality,
9 Level of
Green Coverage, and Comfort Level of Temperature.
The definitions of the Environment indicators (IUS-MMF 2013) are as follows:
11.2.2.1 Under the “Ecology” Indicator Group
Number of Companies with ISO 14001 Certification:
Prorated value for number of companies with ISO 14001 certification in the
country in which the target city is located per number of employees in the
country and the city.
Percentage of Renewable Energy Used:
Percentage of the renewable energy in the country where the target city is located.
Percentage of Paper Recycled:
Percentage of recycled paper usage in the country where the target city is located.
11.2.2.2 Under the “Pollution” Indicator Group
CO 2 Emissions:
CO 2 emissions (in tons) per employee for the country in which the target city is
located.
9 Although the indicator of Water Quality may better fit in the indicator group of “Pollution,” it is
included in the “Natural Environment” group to balance the number of indicators in the Environment indicator groups.
11 Sustainability and Urban Functions from the Perspective of the Global Power City. . .
209