List of Figures
Fig. 1.1
Blue Marble taken by Apollo 17 (Source: Image courtesy NASA
Johnson Space Center. https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?
id¼55418. Accessed on 25 June 2019) .............................
2
Fig. 1.2
Black Marble (Source: NASA’s Earth Observatory. https://
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/BlueMarble. Accessed on 3
November 2020) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Fig. 1.3
Classes of population density and the cumulative population
(Source: LandScan Population Grid (ORNL 2016)) . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .
5
Fig. 4.1
Land-use changes in the Jakarta metropolitan area over the years
(Source: The data for 1930 are based on Java 1:50.000, 1:50.000,
Topografische Dienst in Nederlandsch-Indië (Topographical
Service in the Dutch East Indies), 1915–1942, from the collection
at Leiden University) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Fig. 4.2
Administrative division of the Jakarta metropolitan area
(parts of the administrative districts colored in gray are subject to
classification) .......................................................... 51
Fig. 4.3
Four types of residential areas in Jakarta. (a) Urban Village Type.
(b) Rural Type. (c) Regular Form Type. (d) High-Rise Type ..... 51
Fig. 4.4
Four types of residential areas and their classification criteria . . . . 52
Fig. 4.5
Distribution of the four types of residential areas in Jakarta . . . . . . 54
Fig. 4.6
Depiction of (a) model prediction results and (b) visual detection
results for the four types of residential areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Fig. 4.7
Proportions of the four types of residential areas by administrative
district .................................................................. 57
Fig. 4.8
Percentage of land use in 1930 by settlement type . ................ 59
Fig. 4.9
Current residential composition by land use in 1930 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Fig. 4.10 Kampung in the 1930s (a) and an area that remained an urban
village type or rural type in 2010 (b) ................................ 61
Fig. 6.1
RPI and population density of 53 cities with more than four
million people . . . ...................................................... 110
Fig. 6.2
Average population density of cities in individual groups of
population size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
xiii
Fig. 1.1
Blue Marble taken by Apollo 17 (Source: Image courtesy NASA
Johnson Space Center. https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?
id¼55418. Accessed on 25 June 2019) .............................
2
Fig. 1.2
Black Marble (Source: NASA’s Earth Observatory. https://
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/BlueMarble. Accessed on 3
November 2020) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Fig. 1.3
Classes of population density and the cumulative population
(Source: LandScan Population Grid (ORNL 2016)) . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .
5
Fig. 4.1
Land-use changes in the Jakarta metropolitan area over the years
(Source: The data for 1930 are based on Java 1:50.000, 1:50.000,
Topografische Dienst in Nederlandsch-Indië (Topographical
Service in the Dutch East Indies), 1915–1942, from the collection
at Leiden University) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Fig. 4.2
Administrative division of the Jakarta metropolitan area
(parts of the administrative districts colored in gray are subject to
classification) .......................................................... 51
Fig. 4.3
Four types of residential areas in Jakarta. (a) Urban Village Type.
(b) Rural Type. (c) Regular Form Type. (d) High-Rise Type ..... 51
Fig. 4.4
Four types of residential areas and their classification criteria . . . . 52
Fig. 4.5
Distribution of the four types of residential areas in Jakarta . . . . . . 54
Fig. 4.6
Depiction of (a) model prediction results and (b) visual detection
results for the four types of residential areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Fig. 4.7
Proportions of the four types of residential areas by administrative
district .................................................................. 57
Fig. 4.8
Percentage of land use in 1930 by settlement type . ................ 59
Fig. 4.9
Current residential composition by land use in 1930 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Fig. 4.10 Kampung in the 1930s (a) and an area that remained an urban
village type or rural type in 2010 (b) ................................ 61
Fig. 6.1
RPI and population density of 53 cities with more than four
million people . . . ...................................................... 110
Fig. 6.2
Average population density of cities in individual groups of
population size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
xiii