14
K. Ramani et al.
2.3.5 OLAND Process
Oxygen-limited nitrification and denitrification (OLAND) is a single step process
involving the use of nitrifiers for the removal of ammonium without the addition
of COD [52]. The ammonium loading rate of the process is low and the mechanism is yet to be explored. The OLAND process possibly be based on either Canon
process (combine aerobic-anaerobic ammonia oxidizers) or NO x process (nitrifier
denitrification in the presence of NO x ). Aerobic deammonification is another single
step process for the removal of ammonium without the addition of COD. After the
complete study on pilot and full scale plant, it has been found that is based on
the Canon process involving the use of nitrifiers and anaerobic ammonia oxidizers,
working under oxygen limitation and thus converting ammonium to dinitrogen gas
and nitrate (Fig. 1).
3 Physico-chemical Treatment of Wastewater Containing
Plastic Derived Nitrogen Compounds
The weathering of nitrogen containing plastics in any environment releases nitrogen
compounds into either ammonia nitrogen or nitrite and nitrate nitrogen. At present,
a wide spectrum of physical and chemical processes is being followed for the elimination of nitrogen from the wastewater. For any particular application, the most
suitable approach will be determined based on (i) the amount of nitrogen present
in the wastewater; (ii) desired quality of effluent; (iii) other unit operations to be
applied for the treatment of other pollutants present in the wastewater; (iv) economy
of the process. In this section, some of the common physicochemical methods such
as break-point chlorination, ion exchange, membrane processes, precipitation and
stripping are individually discussed.
3.1 Breakpoint Chlorination
Breakpoint chlorination is a general procedure applied to recover nitrogen from
the nitrogen containing effluent by oxidizing ammoniacal nitrogen by chlorination.
Even though it is used widely in many N-ammonia wastewater treatments, the high
operational cost and the process complexity remains a challenge. The advantages of
this method are: (1) it is promising method to remove ammoniacal nitrogen present
in the effluent to zero with application of adequate amount of (2) The low capital
costs makes it particularly suitable for certain applications and it can be easily added
to an existing treatment facility, where nitrogen removal is required [53].
During the treatment, the reaction starts with hypochlorous acid to yield
monochloramines. As the addition of HOCL continues, the formation of nitrogen
K. Ramani et al.
2.3.5 OLAND Process
Oxygen-limited nitrification and denitrification (OLAND) is a single step process
involving the use of nitrifiers for the removal of ammonium without the addition
of COD [52]. The ammonium loading rate of the process is low and the mechanism is yet to be explored. The OLAND process possibly be based on either Canon
process (combine aerobic-anaerobic ammonia oxidizers) or NO x process (nitrifier
denitrification in the presence of NO x ). Aerobic deammonification is another single
step process for the removal of ammonium without the addition of COD. After the
complete study on pilot and full scale plant, it has been found that is based on
the Canon process involving the use of nitrifiers and anaerobic ammonia oxidizers,
working under oxygen limitation and thus converting ammonium to dinitrogen gas
and nitrate (Fig. 1).
3 Physico-chemical Treatment of Wastewater Containing
Plastic Derived Nitrogen Compounds
The weathering of nitrogen containing plastics in any environment releases nitrogen
compounds into either ammonia nitrogen or nitrite and nitrate nitrogen. At present,
a wide spectrum of physical and chemical processes is being followed for the elimination of nitrogen from the wastewater. For any particular application, the most
suitable approach will be determined based on (i) the amount of nitrogen present
in the wastewater; (ii) desired quality of effluent; (iii) other unit operations to be
applied for the treatment of other pollutants present in the wastewater; (iv) economy
of the process. In this section, some of the common physicochemical methods such
as break-point chlorination, ion exchange, membrane processes, precipitation and
stripping are individually discussed.
3.1 Breakpoint Chlorination
Breakpoint chlorination is a general procedure applied to recover nitrogen from
the nitrogen containing effluent by oxidizing ammoniacal nitrogen by chlorination.
Even though it is used widely in many N-ammonia wastewater treatments, the high
operational cost and the process complexity remains a challenge. The advantages of
this method are: (1) it is promising method to remove ammoniacal nitrogen present
in the effluent to zero with application of adequate amount of (2) The low capital
costs makes it particularly suitable for certain applications and it can be easily added
to an existing treatment facility, where nitrogen removal is required [53].
During the treatment, the reaction starts with hypochlorous acid to yield
monochloramines. As the addition of HOCL continues, the formation of nitrogen