Synthetic Biology and the Possibilities in Achieving a Plant …
125
Computational analysis
Experimental data
Indispensable genes
Transformation into
chassis
Functional analysis
Fig. 5 The general principle of the top-down approach is to generate or optimize a chassis by
using experimental data and computational analysis to detect indispensable genes. To achieve a
reduced genome, analysed indispensable genes can be deleted. The newly designed system can be
transferred into the host for approaching a chassis with altered properties that can be further studied
2018 [53], using natural competence regulators for introducing genetic modifications
[106].
4.3 Engineering Bacteria for Improving Nitrogen Recycling
N-removal from soils and wastewaters requires environmental conditions for nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria and archaea. Thus, upon different O 2 requirements,
denitrification and nitrification mostly occurs in separated areas as in soils and waters
or different wastewater treatment reactors. Both processes can also occur in one
system, called simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND), e.g. in suboptimal aerated tanks that do not exceed a distinct O 2 threshold. SND allows both
processes to take part in one system and also occurs naturally in aeration tanks upon
flocculation of microorganism. Dependent on floc size and concentration of dissolved
125
Computational analysis
Experimental data
Indispensable genes
Transformation into
chassis
Functional analysis
Fig. 5 The general principle of the top-down approach is to generate or optimize a chassis by
using experimental data and computational analysis to detect indispensable genes. To achieve a
reduced genome, analysed indispensable genes can be deleted. The newly designed system can be
transferred into the host for approaching a chassis with altered properties that can be further studied
2018 [53], using natural competence regulators for introducing genetic modifications
[106].
4.3 Engineering Bacteria for Improving Nitrogen Recycling
N-removal from soils and wastewaters requires environmental conditions for nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria and archaea. Thus, upon different O 2 requirements,
denitrification and nitrification mostly occurs in separated areas as in soils and waters
or different wastewater treatment reactors. Both processes can also occur in one
system, called simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND), e.g. in suboptimal aerated tanks that do not exceed a distinct O 2 threshold. SND allows both
processes to take part in one system and also occurs naturally in aeration tanks upon
flocculation of microorganism. Dependent on floc size and concentration of dissolved