Sawada 2003) thermochemical liquidization (Sawayama
et al. 1997), and enzymatic hydrolysis (Kim et al. 2006) to
improve the hydrolysis rate of volatile solids (VS) for producing CH 4 from. Among the alkaline and acidic pretreatment, acidic one is the most frequently used in the
production of biogas (Taherzadeh and Karimi 2008). Acidic
hydrolysis is helpful forenzymatic hydrolysis as well as
hydrolyzing to fermentable sugars. Further, acidic treatment
using HCl increased the biogas formation of bagasse by 31%
and coconut fibers by 74% (Kivaisi and Eliapenda 1994).
Moving toward the bioreactors, several verities are presently
functional for AD, but the commonly used three main systems
contain continuous one-stage, batch, and continuous two-stage
reactors. Various bioreactors such as tubular reactor, fixed film
reactor, anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and upflow anaerobic sludge
blanket (UASB) (Bouallagui et al. 2005). Forster-Carneiro et al.
(2008) stated the use of food waste as biomass. Biomethanization process is carried out using six reactors and three different
total solid (TS) with three different concentrations including 20,
25, and 30% and two dosages 20–30% of inoculums. Out of
these, 20% TS and 30% of inoculums containing reactor would
become the most suitable for conversion CH 4 from food waste
(between 20 and 60 days, 0.49 m
3 kg
−1 VS added). Linke
(2006) used continuous stirred tank reactor to produce biogas
from processing of potatoes via AD.
Table 4 illustrates the content of energy obtained from
AD process during the production of biogas from food
waste. Fully loaded food waste digester showed probable
revival of energy (Morris 1996; Banks et al. 2011). The data
given in the Table 4 provide evident that due to ability of
high biogas production food waste as better feedstock for
AD. Further, AD can be used for dual purpose: one for
reduction and another one for recovery of energy from food
waste by total conversion into CO 2 and CH 4 .
7 Conclusion
Technological intervention to recover energy from food
waste is not only environmental friendly but also is economically appealing method, which can resolve problems
like price hike associated with energy, waste management,
and degradation of environmental quality. Due to its economical and environmental implications, various countries
across the globe have prioritized the reutilization of food
wastes. Although the utilization of such waste has a technical disadvantage, this needs to be addressed through the
introduction of pretreatment technology to extract maximum
yield without any impact on cost involved. Both from the
perspectives of technically viable solution and capital costs,
investment lignocelluloses biotechnology has emerged as
one of the tools to extract value-added products from biomass. It can be successfully implemented without any
requirement for huge engineering infrastructure due to
solid-state fermentation. Some of the significant facts that
have to be taken into account while reusing food waste are
cost involved, its availability and inherent properties that
may lead to variation in the produced compounds. It is a
viable option in case of farming filamentous fungi on vegetal
materials, which do not function well with hydrolytic
enzymes. This study also emphasizes the need to identify
and develop a new line of lignocellulolytic enzymes with
high efficiency for industrial application.
References
Agbor, V. B., Cicek, N., Sparling, R., Berlin, A., & Levin, D. B.
(2011). Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application.
Biotechnology Advances, 29(6), 675–685.
Akin, D. E., Rigsby, L. L., Sethuraman, A., Morrison, W. H., Gamble,
G. R., & Eriksson, K. E. (1995). Alterations in structure, chemistry,
and biodegradability of grass lignocellulose treated with the white
rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Cyathus stercoreus.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61(4), 1591–1598.
Alvarez, R., & Liden, G. (2008). Semi-continuous co-digestion of solid
slaughterhouse waste, manure, and fruit and vegetable waste.
Renewable Energy, 33(4), 726–734.
Alvira, P., Tomás-Pejó, E., Ballesteros, M., & Negro, M. J. (2010).
Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production
process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: A review. Bioresource
Technology, 101(13), 4851–4861.
Amoo, O. M., & Fagbenle, R. L. (2013). Renewable municipal solid
waste pathways for energy generation and sustainable development
in the Nigerian context. International Journal of Energy and
Environmental Engineering, 4(1), 42.
Arora, D. S., Chander, M., & Gill, P. K. (2002). Involvement of lignin
peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase in degradation and
selective ligninolysis of wheat straw. International Biodeterioration
and Biodegradation, 50(2), 115–120.
Baldrian, P., & Gabriel, J. (2003). Lignocellulose degradation by
Pleurotus ostreatus in the presence of cadmium. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 220(2), 235–240.
Banerjee, G., Car, S., Scott-Craig, J. S., Hodge, D. B., & Walton, J. D.
(2011). Alkaline peroxide pretreatment of corn stover: Effects of
biomass, peroxide, and enzyme loading and composition on yields
of glucose and xylose. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 4(1), 1–15.
Banks, C. J., Chesshire, M., Heaven, S., & Arnold, R. (2011).
Anaerobic digestion of source-segregated domestic food waste:
Performance assessment by mass and energy balance. Bioresource
Technology, 102(2), 612–620.
Bao, W., & Renganathan, V. (1991). Triiodide reduction by cellobiose:
Quinone oxidoreductase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEBS
Letters, 279(1), 30–32.
Binod, P., Satyanagalakshmi, K., Sindhu, R., Janu, K. U., Sukumaran, R. K.,
& Pandey, A. (2012). Short duration microwave assisted pretreatment
enhances the enzymatic saccharification and fermentable sugar yield
from sugarcane bagasse. Renewable Energy, 37(1), 109–116.
Bjerre, A. B., Olesen, A. B., Fernqvist, T., Plöger, A., & Schmidt, A. S.
(1996). Pretreatment of wheat straw using combined wet oxidation
and alkaline hydrolysis resulting in convertible cellulose and
hemicellulose. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 49(5), 568–577.
Bioconversion of Food Waste into Biogas
91
et al. 1997), and enzymatic hydrolysis (Kim et al. 2006) to
improve the hydrolysis rate of volatile solids (VS) for producing CH 4 from. Among the alkaline and acidic pretreatment, acidic one is the most frequently used in the
production of biogas (Taherzadeh and Karimi 2008). Acidic
hydrolysis is helpful forenzymatic hydrolysis as well as
hydrolyzing to fermentable sugars. Further, acidic treatment
using HCl increased the biogas formation of bagasse by 31%
and coconut fibers by 74% (Kivaisi and Eliapenda 1994).
Moving toward the bioreactors, several verities are presently
functional for AD, but the commonly used three main systems
contain continuous one-stage, batch, and continuous two-stage
reactors. Various bioreactors such as tubular reactor, fixed film
reactor, anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and upflow anaerobic sludge
blanket (UASB) (Bouallagui et al. 2005). Forster-Carneiro et al.
(2008) stated the use of food waste as biomass. Biomethanization process is carried out using six reactors and three different
total solid (TS) with three different concentrations including 20,
25, and 30% and two dosages 20–30% of inoculums. Out of
these, 20% TS and 30% of inoculums containing reactor would
become the most suitable for conversion CH 4 from food waste
(between 20 and 60 days, 0.49 m
3 kg
−1 VS added). Linke
(2006) used continuous stirred tank reactor to produce biogas
from processing of potatoes via AD.
Table 4 illustrates the content of energy obtained from
AD process during the production of biogas from food
waste. Fully loaded food waste digester showed probable
revival of energy (Morris 1996; Banks et al. 2011). The data
given in the Table 4 provide evident that due to ability of
high biogas production food waste as better feedstock for
AD. Further, AD can be used for dual purpose: one for
reduction and another one for recovery of energy from food
waste by total conversion into CO 2 and CH 4 .
7 Conclusion
Technological intervention to recover energy from food
waste is not only environmental friendly but also is economically appealing method, which can resolve problems
like price hike associated with energy, waste management,
and degradation of environmental quality. Due to its economical and environmental implications, various countries
across the globe have prioritized the reutilization of food
wastes. Although the utilization of such waste has a technical disadvantage, this needs to be addressed through the
introduction of pretreatment technology to extract maximum
yield without any impact on cost involved. Both from the
perspectives of technically viable solution and capital costs,
investment lignocelluloses biotechnology has emerged as
one of the tools to extract value-added products from biomass. It can be successfully implemented without any
requirement for huge engineering infrastructure due to
solid-state fermentation. Some of the significant facts that
have to be taken into account while reusing food waste are
cost involved, its availability and inherent properties that
may lead to variation in the produced compounds. It is a
viable option in case of farming filamentous fungi on vegetal
materials, which do not function well with hydrolytic
enzymes. This study also emphasizes the need to identify
and develop a new line of lignocellulolytic enzymes with
high efficiency for industrial application.
References
Agbor, V. B., Cicek, N., Sparling, R., Berlin, A., & Levin, D. B.
(2011). Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application.
Biotechnology Advances, 29(6), 675–685.
Akin, D. E., Rigsby, L. L., Sethuraman, A., Morrison, W. H., Gamble,
G. R., & Eriksson, K. E. (1995). Alterations in structure, chemistry,
and biodegradability of grass lignocellulose treated with the white
rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Cyathus stercoreus.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61(4), 1591–1598.
Alvarez, R., & Liden, G. (2008). Semi-continuous co-digestion of solid
slaughterhouse waste, manure, and fruit and vegetable waste.
Renewable Energy, 33(4), 726–734.
Alvira, P., Tomás-Pejó, E., Ballesteros, M., & Negro, M. J. (2010).
Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production
process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: A review. Bioresource
Technology, 101(13), 4851–4861.
Amoo, O. M., & Fagbenle, R. L. (2013). Renewable municipal solid
waste pathways for energy generation and sustainable development
in the Nigerian context. International Journal of Energy and
Environmental Engineering, 4(1), 42.
Arora, D. S., Chander, M., & Gill, P. K. (2002). Involvement of lignin
peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase in degradation and
selective ligninolysis of wheat straw. International Biodeterioration
and Biodegradation, 50(2), 115–120.
Baldrian, P., & Gabriel, J. (2003). Lignocellulose degradation by
Pleurotus ostreatus in the presence of cadmium. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 220(2), 235–240.
Banerjee, G., Car, S., Scott-Craig, J. S., Hodge, D. B., & Walton, J. D.
(2011). Alkaline peroxide pretreatment of corn stover: Effects of
biomass, peroxide, and enzyme loading and composition on yields
of glucose and xylose. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 4(1), 1–15.
Banks, C. J., Chesshire, M., Heaven, S., & Arnold, R. (2011).
Anaerobic digestion of source-segregated domestic food waste:
Performance assessment by mass and energy balance. Bioresource
Technology, 102(2), 612–620.
Bao, W., & Renganathan, V. (1991). Triiodide reduction by cellobiose:
Quinone oxidoreductase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEBS
Letters, 279(1), 30–32.
Binod, P., Satyanagalakshmi, K., Sindhu, R., Janu, K. U., Sukumaran, R. K.,
& Pandey, A. (2012). Short duration microwave assisted pretreatment
enhances the enzymatic saccharification and fermentable sugar yield
from sugarcane bagasse. Renewable Energy, 37(1), 109–116.
Bjerre, A. B., Olesen, A. B., Fernqvist, T., Plöger, A., & Schmidt, A. S.
(1996). Pretreatment of wheat straw using combined wet oxidation
and alkaline hydrolysis resulting in convertible cellulose and
hemicellulose. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 49(5), 568–577.
Bioconversion of Food Waste into Biogas
91