Fares, F., Albalkhi, A., Dec, J., Bruns, M. A., & Bollag, J. M. (2005).
Physicochemical characteristics of animal and municipal wastes
decomposed in arid soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34,
1392–1403. PMID: 15998862.
FDA. (2009). Food and Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary
Medicine. The Use of Chicken Manure/Litter in Animal Feed.
Available at: http://www.pickle-publishing.com/papers/chickenlitter-animal-feed.htm.
Flachowsky, G. (1997). Animal excreta as feed stuff forruminants-a
review. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 12, 1–40. https://doi.
org/10.1080/09712119.1997.9706185.
Fontenot, J. P., & Webb J. R., K. E. (1975). Health aspects of recycling
animal wastes by feeding. Journal of Animal Science, 40, 1267–
1277.
Forgács, G., Alinezhad, S., Mirabdollah, A., Feuk-Lagerstedt, E., &
Sárvári Horváth, I. (2011). Biological treatment of chicken feather
waste for improved biogas production. Journal of Environmental
Sciences, 23, 1747–1753.
Ghaly, A. E., & MacDonald, K. N. (2012). Kinetics of thin layer drying
of poultry manure. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, B:206–217. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2007.206.217.
Goering, H. K., & Smith, L. W. (1977). Composition of corn plant
ensiled with excreta or nitrogen supplement and its effect on
growing wethers. Journal of Animal Science, 3(44), 452.
Gradel, K. O., Jorgensen, J. C., Andersen, J. S., & Corry, J. E. L.
(2003). Laboratory heating studies with Salmonella spp. and
Escherichia coli in organic matter, with a view to decontamination
of poultryhouses. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 94, 919–928.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01933.x.
Gurav, R. G., & Jadhav, J. P. (2013). A novel source of biofertilizer
from feather biomass for banana cultivation. Environmental Science
and Pollution Research, 20, 4532–4539. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11356-012-1405-z.
Joardar, J. C., & Rahman, M. M. (2018). Poultry feather waste
management and efects on plant growth. International Journal of
Recycling of Organic Waste, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093018-0204-z.
Jobling, M. (2001). Food composition and analysis in Houlihan, D., T.
Boujard and M. Jobling, 2001. Food Intake in Fish. 1st Edn.,
Blackwell Science Ltd. Malden, MA., ISBN-10: 0632055766,
pp. 448.
Jones, H. B., & Ogden, E. A. (1984). Biomass energy potential from
livestock and poultry wastes in the northeast. Annual Meeting,
Ithaca, New York 279003, American Agricultural Economics
Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics
Association). https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.279003.
Kang, D., Herschend, J., Al-Soud, W. A., Mortensen, M. S., Gonzalo,
M., Jacquiod, S., et al. (2018). Enrichment and characterization of
an environmental microbial consortium displaying efficient keratinolytic activity. Bioresource Technology, 270, 303–310. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.006.
Kawata, K., Nissato, K., Shiota, N., Hori, T., Asada, T., & Oikawa, K.
(2006). Variation in pesticide concentrations during composting of
food waste and fowl droppings. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 77, 391–398.
Khoiyangbam, R. S., Kumar, S., Jain, M. C., Gupta, N., Kumar, A., &
Kumar, V. (2004). Methane emission from fixed dome biogas plants
in hilly and plain regions of northern India. Bioresource Technology, 95(1), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.009.
Khoufi, S., Louhichi, A., & Sayadi, S. (2015). Optimization of
anaerobic co-digestion of olive mill wastewater and liquid poultry
manure in batch condition and semi-continuous jetloop reactor.
Bioresource Technology, 182, 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2015.01.092.
Kim, J. M., Lim, W. J., & Suh, H. J. (2001). Feather-degrading Bacillus
species from poultry waste. Process Biochemistry, 37, 287–291.
Kim, J., Diao, J., Shepherd, M. W., Jr., Singh, R., Heringa, S. D., et al.
(2012). Validating thermal inactivation of Salmonella spp. in fresh
and aged chicken litter. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
78, 1302–1307. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.06671-11.
Lange, L., Huang, Y., & Busk, P. K. (2016). Microbial decomposition
of keratin in nature-a new hypothesis of industrial relevance.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 100, 2083–2096. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-7262-1.
Li, Q. (2019). Progress in microbial degradation of feather waste.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 2717. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.
2019.02717.
Lopez-Mosquera, M. E., Cabalerio, F., Sainz, M. J., Lopes-Fabal, A., &
Carral, E. (2008). Fertilizing value of broiler litter: Effects of drying
and pelletizing. Bioresource Technology, 99, 5626–5633. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.034.
Martens, W., & Bohm, R. (2009). Overview of the ability of different
treatment methods for liquid and solid manure to inactivate
pathogens. Bioresource Technology, 100, 5374–5378. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.014.
Mccaskey, T. A., & Anthony, W. B. (1979). Human and animal health
aspects of feeding live stock excreta. Journal of Animal Science, 48,
163–177.
McCaskey, T. A., & Martin jr, J. B. (1988). Evaluation of a process for
improved quality and microbiological safety of broiler litter.
Biological Wastes, 25, 209–218.
Muller, Z. (1974). Summary of Work, Conclusions and recommendation on animal nutrition, feeding and utilization of by products and
waste in Singapore. UNDP/FAO Rep. AGA: SF/SIN 5 Nut R-1074.
Nahm, K. H. (2002). Efficient feed nutrient utilisation to reduce
pollutants in poultry and swine manure. Critical reviews in
Environmental Science and Technology, 32, 1–16.
Nicholson, F. A., Chambers, B. J., & Smith, K. A. (1996). Nutrient
composition of poultry manures in England and Wales. Bioresource
Technology, 58, 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524%
5b97%5d86087-7.
Nocek, J. E., Socha, M. T., & Tomlinson, D. J. (2006). The effect of
trace mineral fortification level and source on performance of dairy
cattle. Journal Dairy Science, 89, 2679–2693. https://doi.org/10.
3168/jds.S0022-0302%5b06%5d72344-X.
NRC. (1984). Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (6th ed., p. 90).
Washington D.C., USA.: National Academy Press.
Nurdiawati, A., Suherman, C., Maxiselly, Y., Akbar, M. A., Purwoko,
B. A., Prawisudha, P., et al. (2019). Liquid feather protein
hydrolysate as a potential fertilizer to increase growth and yield
of patchouli [Pogostemon cablin Benth] and mung bean [Vigna
radiata]. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in
Agriculture, 8, 221–232.
Obasa, S. O., Alegbeleye, W. O., & Amole, J. B. (2009). Dried poultry
manure meal as a substitute for soybean meal in the diets of African
catfish [Clarias gariepinus] [Burchell 1822] advanced fry. Turkish
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 9, 121–124.
Obeidat, B. S., Awawdeh, M. S., Abdullah, A. Y., Muwulla, M. M.,
Abu Ishmais, M. A., et al. (2011). Effects of feeding broiler litter on
performance of Awassi lambs fed finishing diets. Animal Feed
Science and Technology, 165, 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
anifeedsci.2011.02.007.
Ojha, S., Gaikwad, S.T., Suthar, T., & Gavane, A. (2020). Microbial
bioconversion of poultry waste: Value added products. International
Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 8(1), 165–173. https://doi.
org/10.18782/2582-2845.7948.
Okeudo, N. J., & Adegbola, A. A. (1993). Utilisation of dried
caged-hen manure and cassava peels for intensive sheep production.
346
C. O. Adetunji et al.
Physicochemical characteristics of animal and municipal wastes
decomposed in arid soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34,
1392–1403. PMID: 15998862.
FDA. (2009). Food and Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary
Medicine. The Use of Chicken Manure/Litter in Animal Feed.
Available at: http://www.pickle-publishing.com/papers/chickenlitter-animal-feed.htm.
Flachowsky, G. (1997). Animal excreta as feed stuff forruminants-a
review. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 12, 1–40. https://doi.
org/10.1080/09712119.1997.9706185.
Fontenot, J. P., & Webb J. R., K. E. (1975). Health aspects of recycling
animal wastes by feeding. Journal of Animal Science, 40, 1267–
1277.
Forgács, G., Alinezhad, S., Mirabdollah, A., Feuk-Lagerstedt, E., &
Sárvári Horváth, I. (2011). Biological treatment of chicken feather
waste for improved biogas production. Journal of Environmental
Sciences, 23, 1747–1753.
Ghaly, A. E., & MacDonald, K. N. (2012). Kinetics of thin layer drying
of poultry manure. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, B:206–217. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2007.206.217.
Goering, H. K., & Smith, L. W. (1977). Composition of corn plant
ensiled with excreta or nitrogen supplement and its effect on
growing wethers. Journal of Animal Science, 3(44), 452.
Gradel, K. O., Jorgensen, J. C., Andersen, J. S., & Corry, J. E. L.
(2003). Laboratory heating studies with Salmonella spp. and
Escherichia coli in organic matter, with a view to decontamination
of poultryhouses. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 94, 919–928.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01933.x.
Gurav, R. G., & Jadhav, J. P. (2013). A novel source of biofertilizer
from feather biomass for banana cultivation. Environmental Science
and Pollution Research, 20, 4532–4539. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11356-012-1405-z.
Joardar, J. C., & Rahman, M. M. (2018). Poultry feather waste
management and efects on plant growth. International Journal of
Recycling of Organic Waste, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093018-0204-z.
Jobling, M. (2001). Food composition and analysis in Houlihan, D., T.
Boujard and M. Jobling, 2001. Food Intake in Fish. 1st Edn.,
Blackwell Science Ltd. Malden, MA., ISBN-10: 0632055766,
pp. 448.
Jones, H. B., & Ogden, E. A. (1984). Biomass energy potential from
livestock and poultry wastes in the northeast. Annual Meeting,
Ithaca, New York 279003, American Agricultural Economics
Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics
Association). https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.279003.
Kang, D., Herschend, J., Al-Soud, W. A., Mortensen, M. S., Gonzalo,
M., Jacquiod, S., et al. (2018). Enrichment and characterization of
an environmental microbial consortium displaying efficient keratinolytic activity. Bioresource Technology, 270, 303–310. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.006.
Kawata, K., Nissato, K., Shiota, N., Hori, T., Asada, T., & Oikawa, K.
(2006). Variation in pesticide concentrations during composting of
food waste and fowl droppings. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 77, 391–398.
Khoiyangbam, R. S., Kumar, S., Jain, M. C., Gupta, N., Kumar, A., &
Kumar, V. (2004). Methane emission from fixed dome biogas plants
in hilly and plain regions of northern India. Bioresource Technology, 95(1), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.009.
Khoufi, S., Louhichi, A., & Sayadi, S. (2015). Optimization of
anaerobic co-digestion of olive mill wastewater and liquid poultry
manure in batch condition and semi-continuous jetloop reactor.
Bioresource Technology, 182, 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2015.01.092.
Kim, J. M., Lim, W. J., & Suh, H. J. (2001). Feather-degrading Bacillus
species from poultry waste. Process Biochemistry, 37, 287–291.
Kim, J., Diao, J., Shepherd, M. W., Jr., Singh, R., Heringa, S. D., et al.
(2012). Validating thermal inactivation of Salmonella spp. in fresh
and aged chicken litter. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
78, 1302–1307. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.06671-11.
Lange, L., Huang, Y., & Busk, P. K. (2016). Microbial decomposition
of keratin in nature-a new hypothesis of industrial relevance.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 100, 2083–2096. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-7262-1.
Li, Q. (2019). Progress in microbial degradation of feather waste.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 2717. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.
2019.02717.
Lopez-Mosquera, M. E., Cabalerio, F., Sainz, M. J., Lopes-Fabal, A., &
Carral, E. (2008). Fertilizing value of broiler litter: Effects of drying
and pelletizing. Bioresource Technology, 99, 5626–5633. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.034.
Martens, W., & Bohm, R. (2009). Overview of the ability of different
treatment methods for liquid and solid manure to inactivate
pathogens. Bioresource Technology, 100, 5374–5378. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.014.
Mccaskey, T. A., & Anthony, W. B. (1979). Human and animal health
aspects of feeding live stock excreta. Journal of Animal Science, 48,
163–177.
McCaskey, T. A., & Martin jr, J. B. (1988). Evaluation of a process for
improved quality and microbiological safety of broiler litter.
Biological Wastes, 25, 209–218.
Muller, Z. (1974). Summary of Work, Conclusions and recommendation on animal nutrition, feeding and utilization of by products and
waste in Singapore. UNDP/FAO Rep. AGA: SF/SIN 5 Nut R-1074.
Nahm, K. H. (2002). Efficient feed nutrient utilisation to reduce
pollutants in poultry and swine manure. Critical reviews in
Environmental Science and Technology, 32, 1–16.
Nicholson, F. A., Chambers, B. J., & Smith, K. A. (1996). Nutrient
composition of poultry manures in England and Wales. Bioresource
Technology, 58, 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524%
5b97%5d86087-7.
Nocek, J. E., Socha, M. T., & Tomlinson, D. J. (2006). The effect of
trace mineral fortification level and source on performance of dairy
cattle. Journal Dairy Science, 89, 2679–2693. https://doi.org/10.
3168/jds.S0022-0302%5b06%5d72344-X.
NRC. (1984). Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (6th ed., p. 90).
Washington D.C., USA.: National Academy Press.
Nurdiawati, A., Suherman, C., Maxiselly, Y., Akbar, M. A., Purwoko,
B. A., Prawisudha, P., et al. (2019). Liquid feather protein
hydrolysate as a potential fertilizer to increase growth and yield
of patchouli [Pogostemon cablin Benth] and mung bean [Vigna
radiata]. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in
Agriculture, 8, 221–232.
Obasa, S. O., Alegbeleye, W. O., & Amole, J. B. (2009). Dried poultry
manure meal as a substitute for soybean meal in the diets of African
catfish [Clarias gariepinus] [Burchell 1822] advanced fry. Turkish
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 9, 121–124.
Obeidat, B. S., Awawdeh, M. S., Abdullah, A. Y., Muwulla, M. M.,
Abu Ishmais, M. A., et al. (2011). Effects of feeding broiler litter on
performance of Awassi lambs fed finishing diets. Animal Feed
Science and Technology, 165, 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
anifeedsci.2011.02.007.
Ojha, S., Gaikwad, S.T., Suthar, T., & Gavane, A. (2020). Microbial
bioconversion of poultry waste: Value added products. International
Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 8(1), 165–173. https://doi.
org/10.18782/2582-2845.7948.
Okeudo, N. J., & Adegbola, A. A. (1993). Utilisation of dried
caged-hen manure and cassava peels for intensive sheep production.
346
C. O. Adetunji et al.