Table 1 Some of the most used polysaccharides along with their sources and important applications
Polysaccharide
Source(s)
Applications
Reference(s)
Cellulose
Wood and cell wall of plants,
cotton
Packaging, paper industry, biomedical sectors adsorbents
in water treatment, sensors, and actuators
Guleria et al. (2020),
Lizundia et al. (2017)
Cellulose
nanocrystal
Acid hydrolysis process of
cellulose fibers
Food industry, cosmetic, medical sectors, water
treatment, and electronics
Grishkewich et al. (2017)
Agar
Red seaweeds
Packaging, culture medium
Kumar et al. (2019)
Chitosan
Deacetylation of chitin
Medical sectors such as tissue engineering, adsorbents in
water treatment, agriculture, edible films, preventing
dehydration of meat, drug delivery, biosensors, and
catalyst support
Arasukumar et al. (2019),
Yadav et al. (2020), Javaid
et al. (2018)
Pectin
Fruit waste
Wound recuperating materials, tissue engineering
Govindaraj et al. (2018)
Tragacanth
gum
Astragalus gummifer stems
Medical sectors such as bone tissue engineering, wound
dressing, controlling pesticide release
Mallakpour and Abbasi
(2020)
Xanthan gum
Aerobic fermentation of
glucose, sucrose, etc. by
Xanthomonas campestris
Coatings, film tablets, drug delivery, food industry,
cosmetics, and water treatment
Iftekhar et al. (2020),
Makhado et al. (2017)
Sodium
alginate
Brown seaweed
Medical applications such as drug delivery, tissue
engineering, etc., textile yarns, biosensors, enzyme
mobilization
Macedo et al. (2020)
Guar gum
Cyamopsistetragonoloba seed
Food industry, drug, mining, textile engineering, and
petroleum
Palem et al. (2019)
Chitin
Shrimps, crabs, and lobsters
Biomedical applications like wound dressing, drug
delivery, etc., cosmetics, biosensors, water remediation
Rameshthangam et al.
(2018)
Starch
Corn, potato, cassava, and
cereal grains
Drug delivery, barrier coating/films, water remediation,
paper sizing
Chi et al. (2020)
Fig. 1 Bar chart gathered from
the Scopus website with the
keyword of “applications of
polysaccharides” (Feb 12, 2021)
Bionanocomposites Derived from Polysaccharides …
195
Polysaccharide
Source(s)
Applications
Reference(s)
Cellulose
Wood and cell wall of plants,
cotton
Packaging, paper industry, biomedical sectors adsorbents
in water treatment, sensors, and actuators
Guleria et al. (2020),
Lizundia et al. (2017)
Cellulose
nanocrystal
Acid hydrolysis process of
cellulose fibers
Food industry, cosmetic, medical sectors, water
treatment, and electronics
Grishkewich et al. (2017)
Agar
Red seaweeds
Packaging, culture medium
Kumar et al. (2019)
Chitosan
Deacetylation of chitin
Medical sectors such as tissue engineering, adsorbents in
water treatment, agriculture, edible films, preventing
dehydration of meat, drug delivery, biosensors, and
catalyst support
Arasukumar et al. (2019),
Yadav et al. (2020), Javaid
et al. (2018)
Pectin
Fruit waste
Wound recuperating materials, tissue engineering
Govindaraj et al. (2018)
Tragacanth
gum
Astragalus gummifer stems
Medical sectors such as bone tissue engineering, wound
dressing, controlling pesticide release
Mallakpour and Abbasi
(2020)
Xanthan gum
Aerobic fermentation of
glucose, sucrose, etc. by
Xanthomonas campestris
Coatings, film tablets, drug delivery, food industry,
cosmetics, and water treatment
Iftekhar et al. (2020),
Makhado et al. (2017)
Sodium
alginate
Brown seaweed
Medical applications such as drug delivery, tissue
engineering, etc., textile yarns, biosensors, enzyme
mobilization
Macedo et al. (2020)
Guar gum
Cyamopsistetragonoloba seed
Food industry, drug, mining, textile engineering, and
petroleum
Palem et al. (2019)
Chitin
Shrimps, crabs, and lobsters
Biomedical applications like wound dressing, drug
delivery, etc., cosmetics, biosensors, water remediation
Rameshthangam et al.
(2018)
Starch
Corn, potato, cassava, and
cereal grains
Drug delivery, barrier coating/films, water remediation,
paper sizing
Chi et al. (2020)
Fig. 1 Bar chart gathered from
the Scopus website with the
keyword of “applications of
polysaccharides” (Feb 12, 2021)
Bionanocomposites Derived from Polysaccharides …
195