Table 2 Potential value-added
products from fruits and
vegetables wastes
Different wastes
Value-added products
References
Pineapple waste
Biogas, ethanol, hydrogen, lactic acid,
citric acid, ascorbic acid, ferulic acid,
furaneol, vanillin, fiber
Choonut et al. (2014), Dorta and Sogi
(2017), Leong and Shui (2002)
Grape waste
Phenolic compounds, essential oil (Oleic
and linoleic acid), tartaric acid, lactic
acid, hydrolytic enzymes,
Polyhydroxyalkanoates, anthocyanin
Teles et al. (2019), Follonier et al.
(2014), Shinagawa et al. (2015)
Potato waste
Chlorogenic, ferulic acid, pullulan, lipid,
cellulolytic enzymes, livestock feed
Wadhwa et al. (2013), Amado et al.
(2014), dos Santos et al. (2012), Muniraj
et al. (2015), Esparza et al. (2020)
Banana waste
Single-cell protein, polymers (lignin,
hemicellulose, pectin), sterols,
anthocyanin, carotenoids, phenolic
compound, ascorbic acid, bioethanol,
amylase
Unakal et al. (2012), Ingale et al. (2014),
Malav et al. (2017), Leong and Shui
(2002), Someya et al. (2002)
Pomegranate
waste
Single-cell protein, phenolic compounds,
ascorbic acid, dietary fiber, ferulic acid
Tilay et al. (2008), Malav et al. (2017),
Li et al. (2006)
Orange waste
Single-cell protein, pectin, pectinase,
ascorbic acid, ferulic acid, curdlan
Ahmed et al. (2016), Tilay et al. (2008),
Esparza et al. (2020), Mondal et al.
(2012), Malav et al. (2017), Leong and
Shui (2002)
Watermelon
waste
Single-cell protein, ascorbic acid
Malav et al. (2017), Leong and Shui
(2002)
Sweet beet
waste
Livestock feed, single-cell protein
Wadhwa et al. (2013), Malav et al.
(2017)
Cucumber
waste
Single-cell protein, flavonoids, flavanols
Mondal et al. (2012), Agarwal et al.
(2012)
Coconut waste
Xanthan, curdlan, ascorbic acid, phenolic
compounds
Esparza et al. (2020), Leong and Shui
(2002), Dey et al. (2003)
Date palm
waste
Xanthan, curdlan
Esparza et al. (2020)
Asparagus
waste
Curdlan
Esparza et al. (2020)
Canola oil
waste
Biodiesel
Lee et al. (2012)
Cassava waste
Curdlan, pullulan, animal feed, lipid,
biodiesel
Ajila et al. (2012), Muniraj et al. (2015),
Esparza et al. (2020), Lu et al. (2011)
Apricot waste
Succinic acid, lactic acid,
polyhydroxyalkanoates
Follonier et al. (2014)
Cherries waste
Lactic acid, succinic acid
Follonier et al. (2014)
Sweet potato
waste
Lipid, citric acid
Muniraj et al. (2015), Yu et al. (2017)
Corncob waste
Lactic acid, formic acid, citric acid,
succinic acid, protease, amylase,
protease, lipid, biodiesel
Di Donato et al. (2011) Kandasamy et al.
(2016), Kong et al. (2019), Muniraj et al.
(2015), Venkata and Venkata (2010)
Apple waste
Ascorbic acid, flavonoids, flavonols,
pectin, anthocyanin, enzymes, single-cell
protein, aroma compound, ethanol,
organic acid, livestock feed
Wadhwa et al. (2013), Vendruscolo et al.
(2008), Leong and Shui (2002), Wolfe
and Liu (2003), Schieber et al. (2003)
Mango waste
Carotenoid, dietary fiber Ascorbic acid
Furaneol Oleic and linoleic acid
Livestock feed
Wadhwa et al. (2013) Pickenhagen et al.
(1981), Leong and Shui (2002) Ajila
et al. (2010), Kittiphoom and Sutasinee
(2013)
Citrus waste
Pectin, pectinase, flavonol, phenolic
acid, livestock feed
Wadhwa et al. (2013), Robards et al.
(1999), Dhillon et al. (2004), Bocco et al.
(1998)
(continued)
150
S. Shrestha et al.