2. U.N. Development Programme and Agency for
Communication and Information of Uzbekistan
(2005), Review of Information and Communication
Technologies Development in Uzbekistan,
http://ru.ictp.uz/downloads/annual_review_2005eng.
pdf (accessed March 15, 2007).
3. Survey conducted by U.N. Development Programme
(UNDP) Digital Development Initiative, a joint project
between the UNDP and the government of
Uzbekistan (UzASCI) (2004).
4. Opinion poll conducted by the joint UNDP, UzASCI,
Information and Communication Policy project
(ICTP) (see information about this project at
http://en.ictp.uz). The total percentage exceeds 100
percent because respondents provided more than
one answer.
5. See UNDP and Agency for Communication and
Information of Uzbekistan (2005), Review of
Information and Communication Technologies
Development in Uzbekistan, http://ru.ictp.uz/
downloads/annual_review_2005eng.pdf (accessed
March 15, 2007).
6. According to UzACI’s data, the total modems’
capacity in 2006 reached 17,000, which is twice that
of the analogous indicators of 2004.
7. For more information on the amount of traffic run
through the IXP, see Infocom, Results of Tashkent
Internet Exchange in 2006, January 13, 2007,
http://ru.infocom.uz/more.php?id=A2109_0_1_0_M
(accessed February 25, 2007).
8. In reality, UzInfcom is effectively part of the Uzbek
Communications and Information Agency (UzASCI);
its director is a deputy director of UzASCI and it
possesses no formal autonomy or independent decision-making capacity. UzASCI, while having the status of a government agency, is chaired by a deputy
prime minister who acts as the de facto minister of
communication.
9. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, Agreement
Between Communications and Information Agency
of Uzbekistan and UzInfoCom, October 12, 2002,
http://www.iana.org/cctld/uz/govt-UzInfoCom-agmt18oct02.htm (accessed January 16, 2007).
10. Article 29 and 67 of the Constitution of the Republic
of Uzbekistan.
11. Alisher Taksanov, Between Scylla and Charybdis:
Uzbek Press in Recent Years in OSCE, Sixth Central
Asian Media Conference, September 23–24, 2004,
21st Century Challenges for the Media in Central
Asia: Dealing with Libel and Freedom of Information
47 (2005), http://www.osce.org/publications/rfm/
2005/10/18583_576_en.pdf.
12. The new Mass Media Law entered into force on
January 15, 2007.
13. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, “Internet hit
by media law change,” January 30, 2007,
http://www.iwpr.net/?p=buz&s=b&o=328926&apc_
state=henh (accessed January 30, 2007).
14. See the statement of Utkir Zakirov, Head of the
Coordination of Media Activities and Publishing
Houses Department within the Uzbek Agency for
Press and Information, http://www.cctld.uz/news/
?detail=92 (in Russian).
15. Paragraph 1, regulation no. 52, On the Establishment
of the National Network of Information Transmission
and Streamlining the Access to the World
Information Networks, adopted on February 5, 1999.
16. David Stubbs, “American aid could worsen Internet
restrictions in Uzbekistan,” March 30, 2002,
http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/rights/articles/
eav033002.shtml (accessed January 16, 2007).
17. Paragraph 1, regulation no. 352, On the
Decentralization of Access to the World Computer
Networks, adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers of
Uzbekistan on October 10, 2002.
18. The UzACI was established under regulation no.
215, On the Measures of Improving the Activity of
the Uzbek Agency for Communications and
Information of 2004.
19. RESEA Republic of Uzbekistan Portal of the State
Authority, Communication and Information Agency of
Uzbekistan, http://www.gov.uz/en/section.scm?
sectionId=2762 (accessed January 18, 2007).
20. Order no. 285, approved by the Head of the Uzbek
Agency for Communications and Information on
August 25, 2004.
21. Provision 12, paragraph 2, order no. 216, approved
by the Head of the Uzbek Agency for
Communications and Information on July 23, 2004.
22. Regulation no. 221, adopted by the Cabinet of
Ministers of Uzbekistan on October 6, 2005.
23. Paragraph 1, regulation no. 555, On the Measures of
Improving the Organizational Structures in the
Sphere of Mass Telecommunications, adopted by
the Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan on November
24, 2004.
24. Uzbekistan Agency for Press and Information,
Republic of Uzbekistan Portal of the State Authority,
http://www.gov.uz/en/section.scm?sectionId=2759.
25. Inera Safargalieva, Uzbek Media and the Authorities:
A Strange Relationship in OSCE, Fifth Central Asian
Media Conference, September 17–18, 2003, Central
Asia: In Defense of the Future: Media in MultiCultural and Multi-Lingual Societies, p. 263 (2003),
http://www.osce.org/publications/rfm/2004/02/
12243_101_en.pdf.
26. See Article 15 of the 2002 Law on Principles and
Guarantees on Access to Information, Information
Security of the State.
414
Country Summaries
Communication and Information of Uzbekistan
(2005), Review of Information and Communication
Technologies Development in Uzbekistan,
http://ru.ictp.uz/downloads/annual_review_2005eng.
pdf (accessed March 15, 2007).
3. Survey conducted by U.N. Development Programme
(UNDP) Digital Development Initiative, a joint project
between the UNDP and the government of
Uzbekistan (UzASCI) (2004).
4. Opinion poll conducted by the joint UNDP, UzASCI,
Information and Communication Policy project
(ICTP) (see information about this project at
http://en.ictp.uz). The total percentage exceeds 100
percent because respondents provided more than
one answer.
5. See UNDP and Agency for Communication and
Information of Uzbekistan (2005), Review of
Information and Communication Technologies
Development in Uzbekistan, http://ru.ictp.uz/
downloads/annual_review_2005eng.pdf (accessed
March 15, 2007).
6. According to UzACI’s data, the total modems’
capacity in 2006 reached 17,000, which is twice that
of the analogous indicators of 2004.
7. For more information on the amount of traffic run
through the IXP, see Infocom, Results of Tashkent
Internet Exchange in 2006, January 13, 2007,
http://ru.infocom.uz/more.php?id=A2109_0_1_0_M
(accessed February 25, 2007).
8. In reality, UzInfcom is effectively part of the Uzbek
Communications and Information Agency (UzASCI);
its director is a deputy director of UzASCI and it
possesses no formal autonomy or independent decision-making capacity. UzASCI, while having the status of a government agency, is chaired by a deputy
prime minister who acts as the de facto minister of
communication.
9. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, Agreement
Between Communications and Information Agency
of Uzbekistan and UzInfoCom, October 12, 2002,
http://www.iana.org/cctld/uz/govt-UzInfoCom-agmt18oct02.htm (accessed January 16, 2007).
10. Article 29 and 67 of the Constitution of the Republic
of Uzbekistan.
11. Alisher Taksanov, Between Scylla and Charybdis:
Uzbek Press in Recent Years in OSCE, Sixth Central
Asian Media Conference, September 23–24, 2004,
21st Century Challenges for the Media in Central
Asia: Dealing with Libel and Freedom of Information
47 (2005), http://www.osce.org/publications/rfm/
2005/10/18583_576_en.pdf.
12. The new Mass Media Law entered into force on
January 15, 2007.
13. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, “Internet hit
by media law change,” January 30, 2007,
http://www.iwpr.net/?p=buz&s=b&o=328926&apc_
state=henh (accessed January 30, 2007).
14. See the statement of Utkir Zakirov, Head of the
Coordination of Media Activities and Publishing
Houses Department within the Uzbek Agency for
Press and Information, http://www.cctld.uz/news/
?detail=92 (in Russian).
15. Paragraph 1, regulation no. 52, On the Establishment
of the National Network of Information Transmission
and Streamlining the Access to the World
Information Networks, adopted on February 5, 1999.
16. David Stubbs, “American aid could worsen Internet
restrictions in Uzbekistan,” March 30, 2002,
http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/rights/articles/
eav033002.shtml (accessed January 16, 2007).
17. Paragraph 1, regulation no. 352, On the
Decentralization of Access to the World Computer
Networks, adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers of
Uzbekistan on October 10, 2002.
18. The UzACI was established under regulation no.
215, On the Measures of Improving the Activity of
the Uzbek Agency for Communications and
Information of 2004.
19. RESEA Republic of Uzbekistan Portal of the State
Authority, Communication and Information Agency of
Uzbekistan, http://www.gov.uz/en/section.scm?
sectionId=2762 (accessed January 18, 2007).
20. Order no. 285, approved by the Head of the Uzbek
Agency for Communications and Information on
August 25, 2004.
21. Provision 12, paragraph 2, order no. 216, approved
by the Head of the Uzbek Agency for
Communications and Information on July 23, 2004.
22. Regulation no. 221, adopted by the Cabinet of
Ministers of Uzbekistan on October 6, 2005.
23. Paragraph 1, regulation no. 555, On the Measures of
Improving the Organizational Structures in the
Sphere of Mass Telecommunications, adopted by
the Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan on November
24, 2004.
24. Uzbekistan Agency for Press and Information,
Republic of Uzbekistan Portal of the State Authority,
http://www.gov.uz/en/section.scm?sectionId=2759.
25. Inera Safargalieva, Uzbek Media and the Authorities:
A Strange Relationship in OSCE, Fifth Central Asian
Media Conference, September 17–18, 2003, Central
Asia: In Defense of the Future: Media in MultiCultural and Multi-Lingual Societies, p. 263 (2003),
http://www.osce.org/publications/rfm/2004/02/
12243_101_en.pdf.
26. See Article 15 of the 2002 Law on Principles and
Guarantees on Access to Information, Information
Security of the State.
414
Country Summaries