Pollution by Oil and Other Harmful Substances. The Regional Organization for the
Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME) was initially established in 1979 in
accordance with Article XVI of the Kuwait Convention to implement this Action
Plan as well as the Kuwait Convention and its Protocols. The ROPME Secretariat
was formally established on 1 January 1982.
118 Four Protocols have been adopted in
addition to the Protocol of 1978: the Protocol Concerning Marine Pollution
Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf (1989); the
Protocol for the Protection of the Marine Environment against Pollution from LandBased Sources (1990); the Protocol on the Control of Marine Trans-boundary
Movements and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes and Other Wastes (1998); and the
Protocol Concerning the Conservation of Biological Diversity and the Establishment
of Protected Areas.
119
In the Red Sea region, the Regional Organization for the Conservation of the
Environment in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA) was established under the
Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden
Environment (Jeddah Convention), signed in 1982.
120 The efforts to conclude the
Jeddah Convention started in the early 1970s when the Arab League Educational,
Cultural and Scientific Organization proposed a program for the protection of the
environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The PERSGA, as a regional
organization, was established in September 1995 under the umbrella of the Arab
League and its creation was formally announced in the Cairo Declaration during the
first Council meeting in Egypt.
121 Under the Jeddah Convention, four protocols have
been adopted: the Protocol Concerning the Regional Cooperation in Combatting
Pollution by Oil and Other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency, 1982; the
Protocol Concerning the Conservation of the Biological Diversity and the Establishment of a Network of Protected Areas the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, 2005; the
Protocol Concerning the Protection of the Environment from Land-Based Activities
in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, 2005; and the Protocol Concerning Technical
Cooperation to Borrow and Transfer Experts, Technicians, Equipment and Materials
in Cases of Emergency, 2009.
122
4.3.7 South Pacific
The Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the
South Pacific Region (Noumea Convention) is a comprehensive umbrella agreement
118 See http://ropme.org/1_WhoWeAre_EN.clx. The texts of the Convention is available at http://
ropme.org/1_KAP_LEGAL_EN.clx.
119 See http://ropme.org/42_ROPME_PROTOCOLS_EN.clx.
120 See http://www.persga.org/inner.php?¼32.
121 See http://www.persga.org/inner.php?id¼313.
122 See http://www.persga.org/inner.php?id¼62. The text of the Convention is available at http://
www.persga.org/Documents/Doc_62_20090211112825.pdf.
32
M. Kawano
Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME) was initially established in 1979 in
accordance with Article XVI of the Kuwait Convention to implement this Action
Plan as well as the Kuwait Convention and its Protocols. The ROPME Secretariat
was formally established on 1 January 1982.
118 Four Protocols have been adopted in
addition to the Protocol of 1978: the Protocol Concerning Marine Pollution
Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf (1989); the
Protocol for the Protection of the Marine Environment against Pollution from LandBased Sources (1990); the Protocol on the Control of Marine Trans-boundary
Movements and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes and Other Wastes (1998); and the
Protocol Concerning the Conservation of Biological Diversity and the Establishment
of Protected Areas.
119
In the Red Sea region, the Regional Organization for the Conservation of the
Environment in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA) was established under the
Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden
Environment (Jeddah Convention), signed in 1982.
120 The efforts to conclude the
Jeddah Convention started in the early 1970s when the Arab League Educational,
Cultural and Scientific Organization proposed a program for the protection of the
environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The PERSGA, as a regional
organization, was established in September 1995 under the umbrella of the Arab
League and its creation was formally announced in the Cairo Declaration during the
first Council meeting in Egypt.
121 Under the Jeddah Convention, four protocols have
been adopted: the Protocol Concerning the Regional Cooperation in Combatting
Pollution by Oil and Other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency, 1982; the
Protocol Concerning the Conservation of the Biological Diversity and the Establishment of a Network of Protected Areas the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, 2005; the
Protocol Concerning the Protection of the Environment from Land-Based Activities
in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, 2005; and the Protocol Concerning Technical
Cooperation to Borrow and Transfer Experts, Technicians, Equipment and Materials
in Cases of Emergency, 2009.
122
4.3.7 South Pacific
The Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the
South Pacific Region (Noumea Convention) is a comprehensive umbrella agreement
118 See http://ropme.org/1_WhoWeAre_EN.clx. The texts of the Convention is available at http://
ropme.org/1_KAP_LEGAL_EN.clx.
119 See http://ropme.org/42_ROPME_PROTOCOLS_EN.clx.
120 See http://www.persga.org/inner.php?¼32.
121 See http://www.persga.org/inner.php?id¼313.
122 See http://www.persga.org/inner.php?id¼62. The text of the Convention is available at http://
www.persga.org/Documents/Doc_62_20090211112825.pdf.
32
M. Kawano