Convention entered into force on 17 January 2000 and was amended in 2000, 2001,
2003, 2007 and 2013.
110 The HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan was adopted on
15 November 2007.
111
In the Black Sea region, the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea
against Pollution (Bucharest Convention) was signed in April 1992 and entered
into force in 1994.
112 With this convention, three protocols were adopted: the
Protocol on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Black Sea from
Land-Based Sources and Activities (adopted in 2009 and entry into force pending)
113 ; the Protocol on the Dumping of Waste; and the Protocol on Cooperation in
Combatting Pollution of the Black Sea Marine Environment by Oil and Other
Harmful Substances in Emergency Situations.
114
In the Mediterranean Sea, the Convention for the Protection of the Marine
Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (Barcelona Convention)
was adopted in 1995 and entered into force in 2004. Prior to this, the Convention for
the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution of 1976 and two protocols
concerning pollution existed. The Barcelona Convention is a substantially amended
and renamed version of the 1976 Convention. Under the Barcelona Convention,
seven protocols have been adopted: the Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution in
the Mediterranean Sea by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft, adopted in 1976 and
amended in 1995, amendment not in force on 20 February 2019; the Protocol for the
Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-Based Sources and
Activities, adopted in 1980, amended in 1996 and amendment entered into force in
2008; the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in
the Mediterranean, adopted in 1995 and its Annexes amended in 2009, 2012 and
2013; the Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Preventing Pollution from Ships and,
in Cases of Emergency, Combating Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea, adopted in
2002 and entered into force in 2004; the Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the
Continental shelf and the Seabed and its Subsoil, adopted in 1994 and entered into
force in 2011; the Protocol on the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea
by Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, adopted in
1996 and entered into force in 2011; and the Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone
Management in the Mediterranean, adopted in 2008 and entry into force pending.
115
110 See http://www.helcom.fi/about-us.
111 See http://www.helcom.fi/Docuents/Baltic%20sea%20action%20plan/BSAP_Final.pdf. The
text of the Convention is available at https://helcom.fi/about-us/convention/.
112 The text of the Convention is available at http://www.blacksea-commission.org/_conventionfulltext.asp.
113 The protocol with the same title was initially adopted with the Convention and other Protocols,
but a new Protocol was adopted in 2009.
114 The text of the protocols is available at http://www.blacksea-commission.org/Downloads/
ConventionProtocols.pdf.
115 See http://web.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/legal-framework.
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M. Kawano
2003, 2007 and 2013.
110 The HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan was adopted on
15 November 2007.
111
In the Black Sea region, the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea
against Pollution (Bucharest Convention) was signed in April 1992 and entered
into force in 1994.
112 With this convention, three protocols were adopted: the
Protocol on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Black Sea from
Land-Based Sources and Activities (adopted in 2009 and entry into force pending)
113 ; the Protocol on the Dumping of Waste; and the Protocol on Cooperation in
Combatting Pollution of the Black Sea Marine Environment by Oil and Other
Harmful Substances in Emergency Situations.
114
In the Mediterranean Sea, the Convention for the Protection of the Marine
Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (Barcelona Convention)
was adopted in 1995 and entered into force in 2004. Prior to this, the Convention for
the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution of 1976 and two protocols
concerning pollution existed. The Barcelona Convention is a substantially amended
and renamed version of the 1976 Convention. Under the Barcelona Convention,
seven protocols have been adopted: the Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution in
the Mediterranean Sea by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft, adopted in 1976 and
amended in 1995, amendment not in force on 20 February 2019; the Protocol for the
Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-Based Sources and
Activities, adopted in 1980, amended in 1996 and amendment entered into force in
2008; the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in
the Mediterranean, adopted in 1995 and its Annexes amended in 2009, 2012 and
2013; the Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Preventing Pollution from Ships and,
in Cases of Emergency, Combating Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea, adopted in
2002 and entered into force in 2004; the Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the
Continental shelf and the Seabed and its Subsoil, adopted in 1994 and entered into
force in 2011; the Protocol on the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea
by Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, adopted in
1996 and entered into force in 2011; and the Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone
Management in the Mediterranean, adopted in 2008 and entry into force pending.
115
110 See http://www.helcom.fi/about-us.
111 See http://www.helcom.fi/Docuents/Baltic%20sea%20action%20plan/BSAP_Final.pdf. The
text of the Convention is available at https://helcom.fi/about-us/convention/.
112 The text of the Convention is available at http://www.blacksea-commission.org/_conventionfulltext.asp.
113 The protocol with the same title was initially adopted with the Convention and other Protocols,
but a new Protocol was adopted in 2009.
114 The text of the protocols is available at http://www.blacksea-commission.org/Downloads/
ConventionProtocols.pdf.
115 See http://web.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/legal-framework.
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M. Kawano