92
4 Investigation into the Adsorption of Cadmium and Lead …
11. I. Ali, M. Asim, T.A. Khan, Low cost adsorbents for the removal of organic pollutants from
wastewater. J. Environ. Manage. 113, 170–183 (2012)
12. E. Igberase, P. Osifo, A. Ofomaja, The adsorption of copper (II) ions by polyaniline graft
chitosan beads from aqueous solution: Equilibrium, kinetic and desorption studies. J. Environ.
Chem. Eng. 2(1), 362–369 (2014)
13. Y. Lu, J. He, G. Luo, An improved synthesis of chitosan bead for Pb(II) adsorption. Chem.
Eng. J. 226, 271–278 (2013)
14. P.O. Osifo, A. Webster, H. van der Merwe, H.W.J.P. Neomagus, M.A. van der Gun, D.M. Grant,
The influence of the degree of cross-linking on the adsorption properties of chitosan beads.
Bioresour. Technol. 99(15), 7377–7382 (2008)
15. Y.S. Ho, A.E. Ofomaja, Kinetics and thermodynamics of lead ion sorption on palm kernel fibre
from aqueous solution. Process Biochem. 40(11), 3455–3461 (2005)
16. E.S. Dragan, M.V. Dinu, Advances in porous chitosan-based composite hydrogels : synthesis
and applications. React. Funct. Polym. 146 (2020), p. 104372
17. X. Luo, Z. Zhang, P. Zhou, Y. Liu, G. Ma, Z. Lei, Synergic adsorption of acid blue 80 and
heavy metal ions (Cu 2+ /Ni 2+ ) onto activated carbon and its mechanisms. J. Ind. Eng. Chem.
27, 164–174 (2015)
18. C.M. Futalan, C.C. Kan, M.L. Dalida, K.J. Hsien, C. Pascua, M.W. Wan, Comparative and
competitive adsorption of copper, lead, and nickel using chitosan immobilized on bentonite.
Carbohydr. Polym. 83(2), 528–536 (2011)
19. L. Zhang, Y. Zeng, Z. Cheng, Removal of heavy metal ions using chitosan and modified
chitosan: a review. J. Mol. Liq. 214, 175–191 (2016)
20. Y.S. Ho, G. McKay, Application of kinetic models to the sorption of copper(II) on to peat.
Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. 20(8), 797–815 (2002)
21. P.O. Osifo, The use of chitosan beads for the adsorption and regeneration of heavy metals
(2007), p. 156
22. E. Igberase, P. Osifo, A. Ofomaja, Mathematical modelling of Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cr 6+
and Cd 2+ ions adsorption from a synthetic acid mine drainage onto chitosan derivative in a
packed bed column. Environ. Technol. (United Kingdom) 39(24), 3203–3220 (2018)
23. M. Doˇ gan, Y. Turhan, M. Alkan, H. Namli, P. Turan, Ö.¨ Demirba¸ s Functionalized sepiolite
for heavy metal ions adsorption. Desalination 230(1–3) (2008), pp. 248–268
24. E. Igberase, A. Ofomaja, P.O. Osifo, Enhanced heavy metal ions adsorption by 4-aminobenzoic
acid grafted on chitosan/epichlorohydrin composite: Kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics and
desorption studies. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 123(November), 664–676 (2019)
25. R. Bassi, S.O. Prasher, B.K. Simpson, Removal of selected metal ions from aqueous solutions
using chitosan flakes. Sep. Sci. Technol. 35(4), 547–560 (2000)
26. K. Kurita, H. Akao, J. Yang, M. Shimojoh, Nonnatural branched polysaccharides: synthesis
and properties of chitin and chitosan having disaccharide maltose branches. Biomacromol 4(5),
1264–1268 (2003)
27. Y. Cheng Lin, H. peng Wang, F. Gohar, M.H. Ullah, X. Zhang, D. fang Xie, H. Fang, J. Huang,
J. xing Yang, Preparation and copper ions adsorption properties of thiosemicarbazide chitosan
from squid pens. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 95 (2017), pp. 476–483
28. S.A. Xaba, E. Igberase, J. Osayi, T. Seodigeng, P.O. Osifo, Optimization of primary sewage
sludge and coal lignite by microwave-assisted pyrolysis for the production of bio-oil. Environ.
Technol. 0 (2020), pp. 1–15
29. C. Ling, F. Liu, C. Long, T. Chen, Q. Wu, A. Li, Synergic removal and sequential recovery of
acid black 1 and copper (II) with hyper-crosslinked resin and inside mechanisms. Chem. Eng.
J. 236, 323–331 (2014)
4 Investigation into the Adsorption of Cadmium and Lead …
11. I. Ali, M. Asim, T.A. Khan, Low cost adsorbents for the removal of organic pollutants from
wastewater. J. Environ. Manage. 113, 170–183 (2012)
12. E. Igberase, P. Osifo, A. Ofomaja, The adsorption of copper (II) ions by polyaniline graft
chitosan beads from aqueous solution: Equilibrium, kinetic and desorption studies. J. Environ.
Chem. Eng. 2(1), 362–369 (2014)
13. Y. Lu, J. He, G. Luo, An improved synthesis of chitosan bead for Pb(II) adsorption. Chem.
Eng. J. 226, 271–278 (2013)
14. P.O. Osifo, A. Webster, H. van der Merwe, H.W.J.P. Neomagus, M.A. van der Gun, D.M. Grant,
The influence of the degree of cross-linking on the adsorption properties of chitosan beads.
Bioresour. Technol. 99(15), 7377–7382 (2008)
15. Y.S. Ho, A.E. Ofomaja, Kinetics and thermodynamics of lead ion sorption on palm kernel fibre
from aqueous solution. Process Biochem. 40(11), 3455–3461 (2005)
16. E.S. Dragan, M.V. Dinu, Advances in porous chitosan-based composite hydrogels : synthesis
and applications. React. Funct. Polym. 146 (2020), p. 104372
17. X. Luo, Z. Zhang, P. Zhou, Y. Liu, G. Ma, Z. Lei, Synergic adsorption of acid blue 80 and
heavy metal ions (Cu 2+ /Ni 2+ ) onto activated carbon and its mechanisms. J. Ind. Eng. Chem.
27, 164–174 (2015)
18. C.M. Futalan, C.C. Kan, M.L. Dalida, K.J. Hsien, C. Pascua, M.W. Wan, Comparative and
competitive adsorption of copper, lead, and nickel using chitosan immobilized on bentonite.
Carbohydr. Polym. 83(2), 528–536 (2011)
19. L. Zhang, Y. Zeng, Z. Cheng, Removal of heavy metal ions using chitosan and modified
chitosan: a review. J. Mol. Liq. 214, 175–191 (2016)
20. Y.S. Ho, G. McKay, Application of kinetic models to the sorption of copper(II) on to peat.
Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. 20(8), 797–815 (2002)
21. P.O. Osifo, The use of chitosan beads for the adsorption and regeneration of heavy metals
(2007), p. 156
22. E. Igberase, P. Osifo, A. Ofomaja, Mathematical modelling of Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cr 6+
and Cd 2+ ions adsorption from a synthetic acid mine drainage onto chitosan derivative in a
packed bed column. Environ. Technol. (United Kingdom) 39(24), 3203–3220 (2018)
23. M. Doˇ gan, Y. Turhan, M. Alkan, H. Namli, P. Turan, Ö.¨ Demirba¸ s Functionalized sepiolite
for heavy metal ions adsorption. Desalination 230(1–3) (2008), pp. 248–268
24. E. Igberase, A. Ofomaja, P.O. Osifo, Enhanced heavy metal ions adsorption by 4-aminobenzoic
acid grafted on chitosan/epichlorohydrin composite: Kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics and
desorption studies. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 123(November), 664–676 (2019)
25. R. Bassi, S.O. Prasher, B.K. Simpson, Removal of selected metal ions from aqueous solutions
using chitosan flakes. Sep. Sci. Technol. 35(4), 547–560 (2000)
26. K. Kurita, H. Akao, J. Yang, M. Shimojoh, Nonnatural branched polysaccharides: synthesis
and properties of chitin and chitosan having disaccharide maltose branches. Biomacromol 4(5),
1264–1268 (2003)
27. Y. Cheng Lin, H. peng Wang, F. Gohar, M.H. Ullah, X. Zhang, D. fang Xie, H. Fang, J. Huang,
J. xing Yang, Preparation and copper ions adsorption properties of thiosemicarbazide chitosan
from squid pens. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 95 (2017), pp. 476–483
28. S.A. Xaba, E. Igberase, J. Osayi, T. Seodigeng, P.O. Osifo, Optimization of primary sewage
sludge and coal lignite by microwave-assisted pyrolysis for the production of bio-oil. Environ.
Technol. 0 (2020), pp. 1–15
29. C. Ling, F. Liu, C. Long, T. Chen, Q. Wu, A. Li, Synergic removal and sequential recovery of
acid black 1 and copper (II) with hyper-crosslinked resin and inside mechanisms. Chem. Eng.
J. 236, 323–331 (2014)