230
The study area is situated near the confluence zone of Ajay and Bhagirathi
River which belongs to the flood plain region. This study area is very flat and low
elevated zone. The figure (Figure 13.2b) in the following is showing the variation
of slope within this region. Ketugram-I and Ketugram-II C.D. block has very
good drainage network system (Figure 13.2c). The Ajay River is situated in the
southern part of this study area in between Mongalkote block and Ketugram-I
block, and the Bhagirathi River is located in the north-eastern part of this study
area which is again located within Nadia district and Ketugram-II block of
Bardhaman district. Both the river Ajay and Bhagirathi confluence near the
south-eastern corner of the Ketugram-II block and north-eastern corner of
Katwa-I block. As this study area belongs to very low gentle slope, therefore
deposition of sand, silt and clay going on and on day to day that is why this
region is one of the flood prone areas within the Bardhaman district.
The study area belongs to ‘Aw’ type of climate which is tropical savanna type of
climate. The climatic condition of this region is hot and humid. The summer condition of this region continues between May and June, and monsoon season is between
July, August and September. Almost 85% of the annual rainfall occurred during the
monsoon season. Winter period is very short from the end of November to
mid-February.
The centre portion of this region is alluvial plain region mainly composed with
sub-recent alluvial soils which are generally very deep, poorly drained, fine cracking soils occurring on level to nearly level low lying alluvial plains with clayey and
loamy surface which are associated with very deep, poorly drained or imperfectly
drained, fine soils. Northern and southern part near the bank of river Ajay are composed with fine loamy soils which are generally very deep, moderately well drained,
fine loamy soils occurring on very gently sloping flood plain with loamy surface,
moderate erosion and moderate flooding which are associated with very deep, welldrained, sandy soils. Eastern part of the study area is composed with coarse loamy
soils which are generally very deep, moderately well-drained, coarse loamy soils
occurring on level to nearly level meander plain with loamy surface and moderate
flooding which are associated with very deep, imperfectly drained, fine loamy soils
(Fig. 13.2d).The communication system like rail and roads are well connected in all
direction of the present study area. Here Ketugram-I and II block are connected with
the rail line. State highway, metalled, unmetalled roads are also available for making communication system much better (Fig. 13.2e).
Ketugram-I and II block have been suffering from flood since very early. In the
satellite image, yellowish to red type of tone are available through which it can be
said that the sand splay often takes place in that region. During the British period in
the nineteenth century, quite a few numbers of major floods were taken place in
1867, 1877, 1885 and 1896. The unusual high flood occurred in 1913 and 1914
which causes serious loss of life and property. The major recorded flood years are
1956, 1959, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1978, 1984, 1987, 1994, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2006,
2007, 2009 and 2015 (Irrigation and Waterways Directorate, Government of West
Bengal; Mukhopadhyay 2010).
S. C. Pal et al.
The study area is situated near the confluence zone of Ajay and Bhagirathi
River which belongs to the flood plain region. This study area is very flat and low
elevated zone. The figure (Figure 13.2b) in the following is showing the variation
of slope within this region. Ketugram-I and Ketugram-II C.D. block has very
good drainage network system (Figure 13.2c). The Ajay River is situated in the
southern part of this study area in between Mongalkote block and Ketugram-I
block, and the Bhagirathi River is located in the north-eastern part of this study
area which is again located within Nadia district and Ketugram-II block of
Bardhaman district. Both the river Ajay and Bhagirathi confluence near the
south-eastern corner of the Ketugram-II block and north-eastern corner of
Katwa-I block. As this study area belongs to very low gentle slope, therefore
deposition of sand, silt and clay going on and on day to day that is why this
region is one of the flood prone areas within the Bardhaman district.
The study area belongs to ‘Aw’ type of climate which is tropical savanna type of
climate. The climatic condition of this region is hot and humid. The summer condition of this region continues between May and June, and monsoon season is between
July, August and September. Almost 85% of the annual rainfall occurred during the
monsoon season. Winter period is very short from the end of November to
mid-February.
The centre portion of this region is alluvial plain region mainly composed with
sub-recent alluvial soils which are generally very deep, poorly drained, fine cracking soils occurring on level to nearly level low lying alluvial plains with clayey and
loamy surface which are associated with very deep, poorly drained or imperfectly
drained, fine soils. Northern and southern part near the bank of river Ajay are composed with fine loamy soils which are generally very deep, moderately well drained,
fine loamy soils occurring on very gently sloping flood plain with loamy surface,
moderate erosion and moderate flooding which are associated with very deep, welldrained, sandy soils. Eastern part of the study area is composed with coarse loamy
soils which are generally very deep, moderately well-drained, coarse loamy soils
occurring on level to nearly level meander plain with loamy surface and moderate
flooding which are associated with very deep, imperfectly drained, fine loamy soils
(Fig. 13.2d).The communication system like rail and roads are well connected in all
direction of the present study area. Here Ketugram-I and II block are connected with
the rail line. State highway, metalled, unmetalled roads are also available for making communication system much better (Fig. 13.2e).
Ketugram-I and II block have been suffering from flood since very early. In the
satellite image, yellowish to red type of tone are available through which it can be
said that the sand splay often takes place in that region. During the British period in
the nineteenth century, quite a few numbers of major floods were taken place in
1867, 1877, 1885 and 1896. The unusual high flood occurred in 1913 and 1914
which causes serious loss of life and property. The major recorded flood years are
1956, 1959, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1978, 1984, 1987, 1994, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2006,
2007, 2009 and 2015 (Irrigation and Waterways Directorate, Government of West
Bengal; Mukhopadhyay 2010).
S. C. Pal et al.