222
and (ii) identifying the risk zones and enabling mobility as well as provision for
rehabilitation for people who are in real need. A threefold plan has been proposed
by the International Organization for Migrants (IOM) which starts off with as follows: (A) when the limits of local adaptation and viability of ecosystems cross,
governments should facilitate safe, orderly, and dignified migration (or planned
relocation) towards areas of lower risk and higher opportunity by providing skills
training, information and legal support; (B) after migration ensuring that sending
and receiving areas, and their people, are well connected and adequately prepared;
and (C) policy makers should develop and implement migration preparedness plans
for the immediate and longer-term population growth from migration, and these
should include viable livelihood opportunities, skills training, critical infrastructure
and services, registration systems for migrants (to access services and labour markets) and the inclusion of migrants in planning and decision-making (World Bank
2018). Thus, to provide stability and dignity to the displaced population who consistently feel ‘left out’, the concept of planned relocation is a necessity.
Acknowledgments The authors are greatly thankful to the scholars and faculty members of the
Department of Geography, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, and students of the
Department of Geography, University of Calcutta (Specializing in Climatology of Humid Tropics,
batch 2016–2018). Mr. Nabendu Sekhar Kar, Dr. Arindam Sarkar, Mr. Sanjoy Ahir, Mr. Utpal
Burman, and Mr. Anup Sen are duely acknowledged for their valuable comments. The authors are
also grateful to the respondents of the study areas for their consent and time to discuss their problems in such details.
References
Adamo S (2009) Environmentally induced population displacements. IHDP Update 1:2009
AGCCHM (Advisory Group on Climate Change and Human Mobility) (2014) Human mobility in
the context of climate change: recommendations from the advisory group on climate change
and human mobility. COP 20 Lima, Peru
Bandyopadhyay S, Mukherjee D, Bag S, Pal DK, Das RK, Rudra K (2004) 20th Century evolution
of banks and islands of the Hugli Estuary, West Bengal, India: evidences from maps, images
and GPS survey. In: Singh S, Sharma HS, De S (eds) Geomorphology and environment. ACB
Publication, Kolkata, pp 236–263
Banerjee S, Basu Ray Chaudhury A, Guha A (2017) The 2015 India-Bangladesh land boundary
agreement: Identifying constraints and exploring possibilities in Cooch. Observer Research
Foundation. https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-2015-india-bangladesh-land-boundaryagreement-identifying-constraints-and-exploring-possibilities-in-cooch-behar/. Accessed on
10.11.19
Campbell JR (2010) An overview of natural hazard planning in the Pacific Island Region. Aust
J Disaster Trauma Stud 2010–2011. ISSN: 1174-4707. http://www.massey.ac.nz/~trauma/
issues/2002-2/mcdowell.htm. Accessed on 25.09.2019
CPRD (Center for Participatory Research and Development) (2015) Promoting rights of the
climate change migrants in National and International Policy framework. World-Protestant
Development Service, Germany
Dey S (2015) Floods in Cooch Behar: nature, analysis and mitigation. IJELLH Int J Engl Lang Lit
Hum III(V). ISSN 2321–7065
A. Haldar et al.
and (ii) identifying the risk zones and enabling mobility as well as provision for
rehabilitation for people who are in real need. A threefold plan has been proposed
by the International Organization for Migrants (IOM) which starts off with as follows: (A) when the limits of local adaptation and viability of ecosystems cross,
governments should facilitate safe, orderly, and dignified migration (or planned
relocation) towards areas of lower risk and higher opportunity by providing skills
training, information and legal support; (B) after migration ensuring that sending
and receiving areas, and their people, are well connected and adequately prepared;
and (C) policy makers should develop and implement migration preparedness plans
for the immediate and longer-term population growth from migration, and these
should include viable livelihood opportunities, skills training, critical infrastructure
and services, registration systems for migrants (to access services and labour markets) and the inclusion of migrants in planning and decision-making (World Bank
2018). Thus, to provide stability and dignity to the displaced population who consistently feel ‘left out’, the concept of planned relocation is a necessity.
Acknowledgments The authors are greatly thankful to the scholars and faculty members of the
Department of Geography, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, and students of the
Department of Geography, University of Calcutta (Specializing in Climatology of Humid Tropics,
batch 2016–2018). Mr. Nabendu Sekhar Kar, Dr. Arindam Sarkar, Mr. Sanjoy Ahir, Mr. Utpal
Burman, and Mr. Anup Sen are duely acknowledged for their valuable comments. The authors are
also grateful to the respondents of the study areas for their consent and time to discuss their problems in such details.
References
Adamo S (2009) Environmentally induced population displacements. IHDP Update 1:2009
AGCCHM (Advisory Group on Climate Change and Human Mobility) (2014) Human mobility in
the context of climate change: recommendations from the advisory group on climate change
and human mobility. COP 20 Lima, Peru
Bandyopadhyay S, Mukherjee D, Bag S, Pal DK, Das RK, Rudra K (2004) 20th Century evolution
of banks and islands of the Hugli Estuary, West Bengal, India: evidences from maps, images
and GPS survey. In: Singh S, Sharma HS, De S (eds) Geomorphology and environment. ACB
Publication, Kolkata, pp 236–263
Banerjee S, Basu Ray Chaudhury A, Guha A (2017) The 2015 India-Bangladesh land boundary
agreement: Identifying constraints and exploring possibilities in Cooch. Observer Research
Foundation. https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-2015-india-bangladesh-land-boundaryagreement-identifying-constraints-and-exploring-possibilities-in-cooch-behar/. Accessed on
10.11.19
Campbell JR (2010) An overview of natural hazard planning in the Pacific Island Region. Aust
J Disaster Trauma Stud 2010–2011. ISSN: 1174-4707. http://www.massey.ac.nz/~trauma/
issues/2002-2/mcdowell.htm. Accessed on 25.09.2019
CPRD (Center for Participatory Research and Development) (2015) Promoting rights of the
climate change migrants in National and International Policy framework. World-Protestant
Development Service, Germany
Dey S (2015) Floods in Cooch Behar: nature, analysis and mitigation. IJELLH Int J Engl Lang Lit
Hum III(V). ISSN 2321–7065
A. Haldar et al.