35. Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection, Law No. 8289, January 16, 2007, http://eng.kcc.go.kr/download.do?fileNm=
TELECOMMUNICATIONS_BUSINESS_ACT.pdf; Privacy International and the GreenNet Educational Trust, ‘‘Silenced: An International Report on Censorship and Control of the Internet,’’
September 2003, www.privacyinternational.org/survey/censorship/Silenced.pdf.
36. Ibid.
37. On its Web site, the Korean Communications Standards Commission defines illegal information as ‘‘all sorts of information against the positive law of the Republic of Korea, that is,
information infringed upon the public interests and social orders.’’ Korean Communications
Standards Commission, ‘‘Subject of Report,’’ http://www.singo.or.kr/eng/02_report/Subject_Report
.php.
38. Korean Communications Standards Commission, ‘‘Subject of Report,’’ http://www.singo.or
.kr/eng/02_report/Subject_Report.php.
39. National Security Law, Article 7(1) (unofficial translation provided by the Korea Web Weekly),
http://www.kimsoft.com/Korea/nsl-en.htm.
40. Ser Myo-ja, ‘‘Security Law Marks 60 Years of Strife,’’ JoongAng Daily, September 1, 2008, http://
joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2894346.
41. Human Rights Watch, ‘‘Retreat from Reform: Labor Rights and Freedom of Expression in
South Korea,’’ November 1, 1990, http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/1990/11/01/retreat-reform;
Brad Adams, ‘‘South Korea Should Act Like it Knows,’’ Human Rights Watch, April 13, 2006,
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2006/04/12/south-korea-should-act-it-knows.
42. Brad Adams, ‘‘South Korea: Defend Human Rights,’’ Human Rights Watch, January 15, 2008,
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/01/22/south-korea-defend-human-rights.
43. Korean Communications Standards Commission, ‘‘Subject of Report,’’ http://www.singo.or
.kr/eng/02_report/Subject_Report.php.
44. Juvenile Protection Act, Article 10, Decisions of the Korean Constitutional Court, Opinion
14–1 KCCR 616, 99Hun-Ma480, June 27, 2002, http://www.ccourt.go.kr/home/english/decision
_etc/decision2003.htm.
45. See Youth Protection Committee Web site, http://youth.go.kr/.
46. Act on Promotion of Information and Communication Network Utilization and Information
Protection (2001), Article 42; Korea Herald, ‘‘45 Websites Violate Youth Law,’’ March 31, 2009.
47. Korean
Communications
Standards
Commission,
http://www.singo.or.kr/eng/01
_introduction/introduction.php.
48. Korean Communications Standards Commission, ‘‘Chronology,’’ http://www.icec.or.kr/eng/
01_About/Chronology.php.
49. Telecommunications Business Act (1995), Law 4903, Article 53–2, January 5, 1995, http://
www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Legislation/Korea/BusinessAct.htm.
516
South Korea
TELECOMMUNICATIONS_BUSINESS_ACT.pdf; Privacy International and the GreenNet Educational Trust, ‘‘Silenced: An International Report on Censorship and Control of the Internet,’’
September 2003, www.privacyinternational.org/survey/censorship/Silenced.pdf.
36. Ibid.
37. On its Web site, the Korean Communications Standards Commission defines illegal information as ‘‘all sorts of information against the positive law of the Republic of Korea, that is,
information infringed upon the public interests and social orders.’’ Korean Communications
Standards Commission, ‘‘Subject of Report,’’ http://www.singo.or.kr/eng/02_report/Subject_Report
.php.
38. Korean Communications Standards Commission, ‘‘Subject of Report,’’ http://www.singo.or
.kr/eng/02_report/Subject_Report.php.
39. National Security Law, Article 7(1) (unofficial translation provided by the Korea Web Weekly),
http://www.kimsoft.com/Korea/nsl-en.htm.
40. Ser Myo-ja, ‘‘Security Law Marks 60 Years of Strife,’’ JoongAng Daily, September 1, 2008, http://
joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2894346.
41. Human Rights Watch, ‘‘Retreat from Reform: Labor Rights and Freedom of Expression in
South Korea,’’ November 1, 1990, http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/1990/11/01/retreat-reform;
Brad Adams, ‘‘South Korea Should Act Like it Knows,’’ Human Rights Watch, April 13, 2006,
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2006/04/12/south-korea-should-act-it-knows.
42. Brad Adams, ‘‘South Korea: Defend Human Rights,’’ Human Rights Watch, January 15, 2008,
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/01/22/south-korea-defend-human-rights.
43. Korean Communications Standards Commission, ‘‘Subject of Report,’’ http://www.singo.or
.kr/eng/02_report/Subject_Report.php.
44. Juvenile Protection Act, Article 10, Decisions of the Korean Constitutional Court, Opinion
14–1 KCCR 616, 99Hun-Ma480, June 27, 2002, http://www.ccourt.go.kr/home/english/decision
_etc/decision2003.htm.
45. See Youth Protection Committee Web site, http://youth.go.kr/.
46. Act on Promotion of Information and Communication Network Utilization and Information
Protection (2001), Article 42; Korea Herald, ‘‘45 Websites Violate Youth Law,’’ March 31, 2009.
47. Korean
Communications
Standards
Commission,
http://www.singo.or.kr/eng/01
_introduction/introduction.php.
48. Korean Communications Standards Commission, ‘‘Chronology,’’ http://www.icec.or.kr/eng/
01_About/Chronology.php.
49. Telecommunications Business Act (1995), Law 4903, Article 53–2, January 5, 1995, http://
www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Legislation/Korea/BusinessAct.htm.
516
South Korea