148. Ministry of Public Security, Guojia fazgaiwei zhuchi zhaokai dahui tongguo ‘‘jindun gongcheng’’
jianshe xiangmu guojia yanshou [National development and reform commission issues national approval for the ‘‘Golden Shield’’ construction project at management conference], November 17, 2006, http://www.mps.gov.cn/cenweb/brjlCenweb/jsp/common/article.jsp?infoid=
ABC00000000000035645 (accessed May 25, 2009); Greg Walton, ‘‘China’s Golden Shield: Corporations and the Development of Surveillance Technology in the People’s Republic of China,’’
International Center for Human Rights and Democratic Development, October 2001, http://
www.dd-rd.ca/site/publications/index.php?id=1266&subsection=catalogue.
149. China Tech News, ‘‘Safe-City Project Home for New Chinese IP Video Surveillance Technology,’’ March 11, 2008, http://www.chinatechnews.com/2008/03/11/6475-safe-city-project-home
-for-new-chinese-ip-video-surveillance-technology/; Reuters, ‘‘China Security and Surveillance
Announces Additional Safe City Project Win in Yinchuan,’’ July 30, 2008, http://www.reuters
.com/article/pressRelease/idUS125704+30-Jun-2008+PRN20080630.
150. Kathrin Hille, ‘‘China Bolsters Internet Censors’ Scrutiny,’’ Financial Times, January 5, 2009,
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f858f9aa-dac8-11dd-8c28-000077b07658,dwp_uuid=9c33700c-4c86
-11da-89df-0000779e2340.html.
151. TRS Information Technology, ‘‘About TRS,’’ 2008, http://www.trs.com.cn/en/TRS/about/.
152. Ibid.
153. Ministry of Information Industry, Article 3, Huliangwang dianzi youjian fuwu guanli banfa
[Measures for the management of e-mail services], November 7, 2005.
154. Chinese cyber dissidents and activists, such as the journalist Shi Tao, have been convicted in
part because of some e-mail service providers’ disclosure of their users’ personal information to the
Chinese police. See Reporters Without Borders, ‘‘Cyber-Dissident Convicted on Yahoo! Information Is Freed after Four Years,’’ November 9, 2006, http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article
=8453; Human Rights in China, ‘‘Case Highlight, Shi Tao and Yahoo,’’ 2005, http://hrichina.org/
public/highlight/index.html.
155. Dui Hua News blog, ‘‘Police Document Sheds Additional Light on Shi Tao Case,’’ July 25,
2007, http://www.duihua.org/2007/07/police-document-sheds-additional-light.html.
156. Human Rights Watch, ‘‘Freedom of Expression and the Internet in China,’’ August 1, 2001,
http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/asia/china-bck-0701.htm; Alfred Hermida, ‘‘Behind China’s
Internet Red Firewall,’’ BBC News, September 3, 2002, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/technology/
2234154.stm.
157. Phillip Pan, ‘‘Chinese Crack Down on Student Web Sites,’’ Washington Post, March 24, 2005,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A61334-2005Mar23.html.
158. Xinhua News Agency, ‘‘Internet Real-Name Registration System: Why So Difficult to Implement? An Investigation into the Implementation of the Hangzhou Regulations for Network
Security Protection,’’ May 19, 2009, http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2009-05/19/content
_11399392.htm; David Bandurski, ‘‘Xinhua: Hangzhou’s ‘Real-Name Web Registration System’ Is
‘on the Shelf,’ ’’ China Media Project, May 20, 2009, http://cmp.hku.hk/2009/05/20/1632/.
484
China
jianshe xiangmu guojia yanshou [National development and reform commission issues national approval for the ‘‘Golden Shield’’ construction project at management conference], November 17, 2006, http://www.mps.gov.cn/cenweb/brjlCenweb/jsp/common/article.jsp?infoid=
ABC00000000000035645 (accessed May 25, 2009); Greg Walton, ‘‘China’s Golden Shield: Corporations and the Development of Surveillance Technology in the People’s Republic of China,’’
International Center for Human Rights and Democratic Development, October 2001, http://
www.dd-rd.ca/site/publications/index.php?id=1266&subsection=catalogue.
149. China Tech News, ‘‘Safe-City Project Home for New Chinese IP Video Surveillance Technology,’’ March 11, 2008, http://www.chinatechnews.com/2008/03/11/6475-safe-city-project-home
-for-new-chinese-ip-video-surveillance-technology/; Reuters, ‘‘China Security and Surveillance
Announces Additional Safe City Project Win in Yinchuan,’’ July 30, 2008, http://www.reuters
.com/article/pressRelease/idUS125704+30-Jun-2008+PRN20080630.
150. Kathrin Hille, ‘‘China Bolsters Internet Censors’ Scrutiny,’’ Financial Times, January 5, 2009,
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f858f9aa-dac8-11dd-8c28-000077b07658,dwp_uuid=9c33700c-4c86
-11da-89df-0000779e2340.html.
151. TRS Information Technology, ‘‘About TRS,’’ 2008, http://www.trs.com.cn/en/TRS/about/.
152. Ibid.
153. Ministry of Information Industry, Article 3, Huliangwang dianzi youjian fuwu guanli banfa
[Measures for the management of e-mail services], November 7, 2005.
154. Chinese cyber dissidents and activists, such as the journalist Shi Tao, have been convicted in
part because of some e-mail service providers’ disclosure of their users’ personal information to the
Chinese police. See Reporters Without Borders, ‘‘Cyber-Dissident Convicted on Yahoo! Information Is Freed after Four Years,’’ November 9, 2006, http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article
=8453; Human Rights in China, ‘‘Case Highlight, Shi Tao and Yahoo,’’ 2005, http://hrichina.org/
public/highlight/index.html.
155. Dui Hua News blog, ‘‘Police Document Sheds Additional Light on Shi Tao Case,’’ July 25,
2007, http://www.duihua.org/2007/07/police-document-sheds-additional-light.html.
156. Human Rights Watch, ‘‘Freedom of Expression and the Internet in China,’’ August 1, 2001,
http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/asia/china-bck-0701.htm; Alfred Hermida, ‘‘Behind China’s
Internet Red Firewall,’’ BBC News, September 3, 2002, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/technology/
2234154.stm.
157. Phillip Pan, ‘‘Chinese Crack Down on Student Web Sites,’’ Washington Post, March 24, 2005,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A61334-2005Mar23.html.
158. Xinhua News Agency, ‘‘Internet Real-Name Registration System: Why So Difficult to Implement? An Investigation into the Implementation of the Hangzhou Regulations for Network
Security Protection,’’ May 19, 2009, http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2009-05/19/content
_11399392.htm; David Bandurski, ‘‘Xinhua: Hangzhou’s ‘Real-Name Web Registration System’ Is
‘on the Shelf,’ ’’ China Media Project, May 20, 2009, http://cmp.hku.hk/2009/05/20/1632/.
484
China