33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. Zhao Zhiguo, ‘‘Development and Administration of the Internet in China,’’ China.org.cn,
November 7, 2008, http://www.china.org.cn/china/internetForum/2008-11/06/content_16719106
.htm.
36. China Internet Network Information Center, ‘‘Statistical Survey Report on the Internet Development in China,’’ March 23, 2009, http://www.cnnic.net.cn/uploadfiles/pdf/2009/3/23/131303
.pdf.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Paul Budde Communication Pty., Ltd., ‘‘China—New Internet Economy,’’ April 24, 2009.
40. SinoCast China IT Watch, ‘‘China to Issue Its First VoIP License,’’ March 13, 2006.
41. CC Time, ‘‘Analysis of Recent Developments and Forecasts for China’s VOIP Industry,’’ March
19, 2008, http://www.cctime.com/html/2008-3-19/20083191040597146.htm.
42. See Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China,
http://www.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/index.html.
43. People’s Daily Online, ‘‘Highlights of China’s Institutional Restructuring Plan,’’ March 16,
2008, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90785/6374104.html.
44. China Internet Network Information Center, ‘‘Statistical Survey Report on the Internet Development in China,’’ March 23, 2009, http://www.cnnic.net.cn/uploadfiles/pdf/2009/3/23/131303
.pdf.
45. Ibid.
46. Paul Budde Communication Pty., Ltd., ‘‘China—Telecommunications Infrastructure,’’ April
24, 2009.
47. Ibid.
48. Xinhua News Agency, ‘‘China Netcom, China Unicom Merger Completed, Biggest in
Country’s History,’’ October 15, 2008, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/15/content
_10200183.htm.
49. Sumner Lemon, ‘‘After Years of Delays, China Finally Issues 3G Licenses,’’ PCWorld, January 7,
2009, http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/156612/after_years_of_delays_china_finally
_issues_3g_licenses.html.
50. ‘‘Nnali you hexie, nali you caonima,’’ or, ‘‘Where there are river crabs, there are grass-mud
horses,’’ is based on plays on characters and meaning, forming a ‘‘law of Chinese cyberpolitics’’:
online censorship always meets resistance. See China Digital Times, ‘‘Grass Mud Horse,’’ http://
chinadigitaltimes.net/china/grass-mud-horse/.
476
China
34. Ibid.
35. Zhao Zhiguo, ‘‘Development and Administration of the Internet in China,’’ China.org.cn,
November 7, 2008, http://www.china.org.cn/china/internetForum/2008-11/06/content_16719106
.htm.
36. China Internet Network Information Center, ‘‘Statistical Survey Report on the Internet Development in China,’’ March 23, 2009, http://www.cnnic.net.cn/uploadfiles/pdf/2009/3/23/131303
.pdf.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Paul Budde Communication Pty., Ltd., ‘‘China—New Internet Economy,’’ April 24, 2009.
40. SinoCast China IT Watch, ‘‘China to Issue Its First VoIP License,’’ March 13, 2006.
41. CC Time, ‘‘Analysis of Recent Developments and Forecasts for China’s VOIP Industry,’’ March
19, 2008, http://www.cctime.com/html/2008-3-19/20083191040597146.htm.
42. See Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China,
http://www.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/index.html.
43. People’s Daily Online, ‘‘Highlights of China’s Institutional Restructuring Plan,’’ March 16,
2008, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90785/6374104.html.
44. China Internet Network Information Center, ‘‘Statistical Survey Report on the Internet Development in China,’’ March 23, 2009, http://www.cnnic.net.cn/uploadfiles/pdf/2009/3/23/131303
.pdf.
45. Ibid.
46. Paul Budde Communication Pty., Ltd., ‘‘China—Telecommunications Infrastructure,’’ April
24, 2009.
47. Ibid.
48. Xinhua News Agency, ‘‘China Netcom, China Unicom Merger Completed, Biggest in
Country’s History,’’ October 15, 2008, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/15/content
_10200183.htm.
49. Sumner Lemon, ‘‘After Years of Delays, China Finally Issues 3G Licenses,’’ PCWorld, January 7,
2009, http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/156612/after_years_of_delays_china_finally
_issues_3g_licenses.html.
50. ‘‘Nnali you hexie, nali you caonima,’’ or, ‘‘Where there are river crabs, there are grass-mud
horses,’’ is based on plays on characters and meaning, forming a ‘‘law of Chinese cyberpolitics’’:
online censorship always meets resistance. See China Digital Times, ‘‘Grass Mud Horse,’’ http://
chinadigitaltimes.net/china/grass-mud-horse/.
476
China