Web sites as a method for combating illegal content, freedom of expression in Turkey
will remain compromised.
Notes
1. The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, Article 2.
2. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ‘‘Internet Indicators: Subscribers, Users, and
Broadband Subscribers,’’ 2008, September 2008, http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/Reporting/
ShowReportFrame.aspx?ReportName=/WTI/InformationTechnologyPublic&RP_intYear=2008&RP
_intLanguageID=1.
3. Paul Budde Communication, Pty., Ltd., ‘‘Turkey,’’ 2007.
4. Oger Telekomu ¨nikasyon A.S ¸. (a Consortium led by Saudi Oger and Telecom Italia).
5. Some authors claim that the number of active ISPs is as high as 250. See Aytac Mestci, ‘‘Turkie
Internet Raporu 2007’’ [Turkey Internet Report 2007], InternetPazarlama.net, http://ab.org.tr/
ab08/bildiri/17.pdf; Turk Telecom reports that Internet operators are no more than 95. See Turk
Telecom, ‘‘Yetkilendrime ve Hizmet Turlerine goie Isletmeci Sayilari’’ [Number of Operators
According to Types of Authorization and Services], http://www.tk.gov.tr/doc/lisans/isletmeci
_sayilari.htm.
6. Turkiye Telekomunikasyon Sektorundeki Gelismeler ve Egilimler, 2007 Yili Raporu, Telekomunikasyon Kurumu Sektorel Arastirma ve Stratejiler Dairesi Baskanligi, Subat 2008.
7. Turk Telecom announced that the number of ADSL subscribers reached 5 million by the end of
2007. Turk Telecom, http://www.turk.internet.com/haber/yazigoster.php3?yaziid=20773.
8. Cukorova Group holds investments in top-notch companies—currently 143—in various industries ranging from automotive, paper, chemicals, textiles, telecommunications, construction,
banking, insurance, media, and services to maritime transportation and information technology
services. Cukorva Group, http://www.cukurovaholding.com.tr/index2.htm.
9. In addition, however, Superonline has signed a ‘‘local loop unbundling’’ agreement with Turk
Telecom to install its own equipment inside the Telecom switches and accessing the telephone
lines of the end-user directly ‘‘last-mile,’’ which would allow to service directly to consumer.
10. Paul Budde Communication, Pty., Ltd., ‘‘Turkey.’’
11. The TIX Web site (http://www.tix.net) is currently not active.
12. Packet Clearing House, ‘‘Internet Exchange Directory: Turkish Internet Exchange,’’ http://
www.pch.net/ixpdir/Detail.pl?exchange_point_id=247.
13. Turk.Internet, ‘‘LINX 10 Yasina Basti . . . Ya Turkiye’ de Neler Oldu’’ [LINX Turns Ten . . . but
What has Happened in Turkey?], http://turk.internet.com/haber/yazigoster.php3?yaziid=11420.
14. James B. Burnham, ‘‘Telecommunications Policy in Turkey: Dismantling Barriers to Growth,
Telecommunications Policy, 31 (2007).
354
Turkey
will remain compromised.
Notes
1. The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, Article 2.
2. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ‘‘Internet Indicators: Subscribers, Users, and
Broadband Subscribers,’’ 2008, September 2008, http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/Reporting/
ShowReportFrame.aspx?ReportName=/WTI/InformationTechnologyPublic&RP_intYear=2008&RP
_intLanguageID=1.
3. Paul Budde Communication, Pty., Ltd., ‘‘Turkey,’’ 2007.
4. Oger Telekomu ¨nikasyon A.S ¸. (a Consortium led by Saudi Oger and Telecom Italia).
5. Some authors claim that the number of active ISPs is as high as 250. See Aytac Mestci, ‘‘Turkie
Internet Raporu 2007’’ [Turkey Internet Report 2007], InternetPazarlama.net, http://ab.org.tr/
ab08/bildiri/17.pdf; Turk Telecom reports that Internet operators are no more than 95. See Turk
Telecom, ‘‘Yetkilendrime ve Hizmet Turlerine goie Isletmeci Sayilari’’ [Number of Operators
According to Types of Authorization and Services], http://www.tk.gov.tr/doc/lisans/isletmeci
_sayilari.htm.
6. Turkiye Telekomunikasyon Sektorundeki Gelismeler ve Egilimler, 2007 Yili Raporu, Telekomunikasyon Kurumu Sektorel Arastirma ve Stratejiler Dairesi Baskanligi, Subat 2008.
7. Turk Telecom announced that the number of ADSL subscribers reached 5 million by the end of
2007. Turk Telecom, http://www.turk.internet.com/haber/yazigoster.php3?yaziid=20773.
8. Cukorova Group holds investments in top-notch companies—currently 143—in various industries ranging from automotive, paper, chemicals, textiles, telecommunications, construction,
banking, insurance, media, and services to maritime transportation and information technology
services. Cukorva Group, http://www.cukurovaholding.com.tr/index2.htm.
9. In addition, however, Superonline has signed a ‘‘local loop unbundling’’ agreement with Turk
Telecom to install its own equipment inside the Telecom switches and accessing the telephone
lines of the end-user directly ‘‘last-mile,’’ which would allow to service directly to consumer.
10. Paul Budde Communication, Pty., Ltd., ‘‘Turkey.’’
11. The TIX Web site (http://www.tix.net) is currently not active.
12. Packet Clearing House, ‘‘Internet Exchange Directory: Turkish Internet Exchange,’’ http://
www.pch.net/ixpdir/Detail.pl?exchange_point_id=247.
13. Turk.Internet, ‘‘LINX 10 Yasina Basti . . . Ya Turkiye’ de Neler Oldu’’ [LINX Turns Ten . . . but
What has Happened in Turkey?], http://turk.internet.com/haber/yazigoster.php3?yaziid=11420.
14. James B. Burnham, ‘‘Telecommunications Policy in Turkey: Dismantling Barriers to Growth,
Telecommunications Policy, 31 (2007).
354
Turkey