43. Libertus.net, ‘‘ISP ’Voluntary’/Mandatory Filtering,’’ February 28, 2008, http://libertus.net/
censor/ispfiltering-gl.html#norway.
44. The contested Web sites were http://www.appel-au-peuple.org; http://de.geocities.com/
justicecontrol; and http://www.swiss-corruption.com.
45. FITUG e.V., ‘‘EDRI-gram,’’ February 12, 2003, http://www.fitug.de/news/newsticker/
newsticker120203210053.html.
46. Article 16, sec. 3; unofficial English translation available at http://www.admin.ch/org/polit/
00083/index.html?lang=en.
47. European Digital Rights, ‘‘YouTube Blocked for 2 Days in Turkey,’’ March 14, 2007, http://
www.edri.org/edrigram/number5.5/youtube-turkey.
48. Eric Auchard, ‘‘Turkey Blocks Web Site over Insults to Atatu ¨rk,’’ Reuters, March 25, 2008,
http://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSN2434354220080325.
49. Center for Democracy and Technology, ‘‘Appeals Court Agrees to Reconsider Ruling about
French Censorship of U.S. Speech,’’ February 15, 2007, http://www.cdt.org/publications/
policyposts/2005/5.
50. Yahoo! Inc. v. La Ligue Contre le Racisme et l’Antisemitisme, 169 F.Supp.2d 1181 (N.D. Cal.
2001), rev’d, 433 F.3d 1199 (9th Cir. 2006), cert. denied, 126 S.Ct. 2332 (2006).
51. Yahoo! Inc. v. La Ligue Contre le Racisme et l’Antisemitisme, 379 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 2004).
52. Yahoo! Inc. v. La Ligue Contre le Racisme et l’Antisemitisme, 433 F.3d 1199 (9th Cir. 2006)
(en banc), cert. denied, 126 S.Ct. 2332 (2006).
53. BBC News, ‘‘The Law, Borders, and the Internet,’’ January 24, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/
hi/technology/4641244.stm.
54. Center for Democracy and Technology, ‘‘Foreign Courts’ Exercise of Jurisdiction over Web
Content Seen in Other Cases,’’ July 11, 2001, http://www.cdt.org/publications/pp_7.06.shtml.
55. Heise Online, ‘‘Nordrhein-Westfa ¨lische Provider Sollen Nazi-Web sites Ausfiltern’’ [North
Rhine-Westphalia Providers Should Filter Nazi Web sites], December 8, 2001, http://www.heise.de/
newsticker/Nordrhein-westfaelische-Provider-sollen-Nazi-Websites-ausfiltern–/meldung/21627.
56. Online-Demonstrations-Plattform fu ¨r Menschen, ‘‘Declaration for Freedom of Information in the
Internet,’’ http://odem.org/informationsfreiheit/en/.
57. Heise Online, ‘‘Du ¨sseldorfer Bezirksregierung Sieht Sich Erfolgreich im Kampf Gegen NaziWebsites’’ [Du ¨sseldorf District Government Sees Itself Successful in the Fight against Nazi
Web sites], November 22, 2005, http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Duesseldorfer-Bezirksregierung
-sieht-sich-erfolgreich-im-Kampf-gegen-Nazi-Websites–/meldung/66501/.
58. Germar Rudolf, ‘‘Censorship of the Internet,’’ 2003, http://www.germarrudolf.com/civil/
internet.html.
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Europe Overview
censor/ispfiltering-gl.html#norway.
44. The contested Web sites were http://www.appel-au-peuple.org; http://de.geocities.com/
justicecontrol; and http://www.swiss-corruption.com.
45. FITUG e.V., ‘‘EDRI-gram,’’ February 12, 2003, http://www.fitug.de/news/newsticker/
newsticker120203210053.html.
46. Article 16, sec. 3; unofficial English translation available at http://www.admin.ch/org/polit/
00083/index.html?lang=en.
47. European Digital Rights, ‘‘YouTube Blocked for 2 Days in Turkey,’’ March 14, 2007, http://
www.edri.org/edrigram/number5.5/youtube-turkey.
48. Eric Auchard, ‘‘Turkey Blocks Web Site over Insults to Atatu ¨rk,’’ Reuters, March 25, 2008,
http://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSN2434354220080325.
49. Center for Democracy and Technology, ‘‘Appeals Court Agrees to Reconsider Ruling about
French Censorship of U.S. Speech,’’ February 15, 2007, http://www.cdt.org/publications/
policyposts/2005/5.
50. Yahoo! Inc. v. La Ligue Contre le Racisme et l’Antisemitisme, 169 F.Supp.2d 1181 (N.D. Cal.
2001), rev’d, 433 F.3d 1199 (9th Cir. 2006), cert. denied, 126 S.Ct. 2332 (2006).
51. Yahoo! Inc. v. La Ligue Contre le Racisme et l’Antisemitisme, 379 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 2004).
52. Yahoo! Inc. v. La Ligue Contre le Racisme et l’Antisemitisme, 433 F.3d 1199 (9th Cir. 2006)
(en banc), cert. denied, 126 S.Ct. 2332 (2006).
53. BBC News, ‘‘The Law, Borders, and the Internet,’’ January 24, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/
hi/technology/4641244.stm.
54. Center for Democracy and Technology, ‘‘Foreign Courts’ Exercise of Jurisdiction over Web
Content Seen in Other Cases,’’ July 11, 2001, http://www.cdt.org/publications/pp_7.06.shtml.
55. Heise Online, ‘‘Nordrhein-Westfa ¨lische Provider Sollen Nazi-Web sites Ausfiltern’’ [North
Rhine-Westphalia Providers Should Filter Nazi Web sites], December 8, 2001, http://www.heise.de/
newsticker/Nordrhein-westfaelische-Provider-sollen-Nazi-Websites-ausfiltern–/meldung/21627.
56. Online-Demonstrations-Plattform fu ¨r Menschen, ‘‘Declaration for Freedom of Information in the
Internet,’’ http://odem.org/informationsfreiheit/en/.
57. Heise Online, ‘‘Du ¨sseldorfer Bezirksregierung Sieht Sich Erfolgreich im Kampf Gegen NaziWebsites’’ [Du ¨sseldorf District Government Sees Itself Successful in the Fight against Nazi
Web sites], November 22, 2005, http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Duesseldorfer-Bezirksregierung
-sieht-sich-erfolgreich-im-Kampf-gegen-Nazi-Websites–/meldung/66501/.
58. Germar Rudolf, ‘‘Censorship of the Internet,’’ 2003, http://www.germarrudolf.com/civil/
internet.html.
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Europe Overview