Index
409
Internet surveillance, 231 – 232
agents of, 67 – 68
in Bangladesh, 246 – 247
in Burma, 258 – 259
in China, 197, 282 – 285
by corporations, 12 – 13, 197
in India, 303 – 304
in Indonesia, 315
in Malaysia, 329 – 331
in Pakistan, 345
in South Korea, 358 – 360
in Thailand, 376 – 378
in Vietnam, 390
Intrusion attack, 139 – 142
relative signifi cance of, 142 – 143
IPv4, 35
IPv6, 35 – 36
Iran, 29 – 31
Iranian Cyber Army, 13 – 14, 31
Irrawaddy, The, 153 – 158, 260
Italy, intermediary liability in, 24
J
Just-in-time blocking, 13, 156, 231, 279
K
K-Internet, 201 – 202
Kazakhstan, 36
Kummer, Markus, 4
L
Laws, 67, 84
Lim, Pamela, 71
Linguistic communities, 27 – 28, 54, 55
M
Malay language, 54
Malaysia, 15, 43 – 63, 323 – 337. See also
Malaysian sociopolitical blogosphere
adult content censorship in, 74 – 75
Anti-Corruption Act of, 329
background on, 324 – 325
Barisan Nasional in, 43, 56, 324 – 325, 329
bumiputera of, 68
Communication and Multimedia Content
Forum of, 74
Computer Crimes Act of, 329
cyber sedition guidelines in, 327
cybertroopers in, 56 – 57
defamation suits in, 46, 47, 327 – 328
distributed denial-of-service attacks in, 46,
47
elections in, 44, 45, 54 – 55, 57, 72, 325
Facebook in, 330
feminist knowledge in, 71 – 72
fi rst-generation controls in, 45 – 47
freedom of expression in, 66, 71 – 72, 324,
326 – 327
gender disparity in, 69, 71
imagined community of, 69
Internal Security Act of, 327
Internet access in, 70, 226 – 227, 325 – 326
Internet fi ltering in, 47, 74, 230
Internet regulation in, 44 – 48, 72 – 75
Internet surveillance in, 72 – 75, 329 – 331
ISPs in, 46, 326, 330
key indicators on, 324
legal and regulatory framework in, 44 – 48,
72 – 75, 229, 326 – 329
Ministry of Information, Communications,
and Culture of, 72 – 73
mobile devices in, 227
Multimedia Super Corridor project of, 70,
325 – 326
MyKad card in, 75
MyProcurement.com in, 56
non-bumiputera of, 68
Offi cial Secrets Act of, 327
on-line privacy in, 73
on-line religious material in, 74
ONI testing results on, 66, 323, 331
Pakatan Rakyat in, 325
Personal Data Protection Bill of, 73, 329
pornography regulation in, 74 – 75
Printing Presses and Publications Act of,
325
409
Internet surveillance, 231 – 232
agents of, 67 – 68
in Bangladesh, 246 – 247
in Burma, 258 – 259
in China, 197, 282 – 285
by corporations, 12 – 13, 197
in India, 303 – 304
in Indonesia, 315
in Malaysia, 329 – 331
in Pakistan, 345
in South Korea, 358 – 360
in Thailand, 376 – 378
in Vietnam, 390
Intrusion attack, 139 – 142
relative signifi cance of, 142 – 143
IPv4, 35
IPv6, 35 – 36
Iran, 29 – 31
Iranian Cyber Army, 13 – 14, 31
Irrawaddy, The, 153 – 158, 260
Italy, intermediary liability in, 24
J
Just-in-time blocking, 13, 156, 231, 279
K
K-Internet, 201 – 202
Kazakhstan, 36
Kummer, Markus, 4
L
Laws, 67, 84
Lim, Pamela, 71
Linguistic communities, 27 – 28, 54, 55
M
Malay language, 54
Malaysia, 15, 43 – 63, 323 – 337. See also
Malaysian sociopolitical blogosphere
adult content censorship in, 74 – 75
Anti-Corruption Act of, 329
background on, 324 – 325
Barisan Nasional in, 43, 56, 324 – 325, 329
bumiputera of, 68
Communication and Multimedia Content
Forum of, 74
Computer Crimes Act of, 329
cyber sedition guidelines in, 327
cybertroopers in, 56 – 57
defamation suits in, 46, 47, 327 – 328
distributed denial-of-service attacks in, 46,
47
elections in, 44, 45, 54 – 55, 57, 72, 325
Facebook in, 330
feminist knowledge in, 71 – 72
fi rst-generation controls in, 45 – 47
freedom of expression in, 66, 71 – 72, 324,
326 – 327
gender disparity in, 69, 71
imagined community of, 69
Internal Security Act of, 327
Internet access in, 70, 226 – 227, 325 – 326
Internet fi ltering in, 47, 74, 230
Internet regulation in, 44 – 48, 72 – 75
Internet surveillance in, 72 – 75, 329 – 331
ISPs in, 46, 326, 330
key indicators on, 324
legal and regulatory framework in, 44 – 48,
72 – 75, 229, 326 – 329
Ministry of Information, Communications,
and Culture of, 72 – 73
mobile devices in, 227
Multimedia Super Corridor project of, 70,
325 – 326
MyKad card in, 75
MyProcurement.com in, 56
non-bumiputera of, 68
Offi cial Secrets Act of, 327
on-line privacy in, 73
on-line religious material in, 74
ONI testing results on, 66, 323, 331
Pakatan Rakyat in, 325
Personal Data Protection Bill of, 73, 329
pornography regulation in, 74 – 75
Printing Presses and Publications Act of,
325