380
Thailand
dissidents have evaded the control using anonymizers and circumvention tools, while
civic organizations advocating for online freedom of expression have introduced
public education and regularly campaign against government Internet control, allied
with international NGOs advocating on similar issues.
Notes
1. Shino Yuasa, “ Anti-Thaksin Groups Launch Boycott over Temasek-Shin Corp Deal, ” Manager
Online, March 9, 2006, http://manager.co.th/Home/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9490000033125 .
2. Pasuk Phongpaichit and Chris Baker, “ Thaksin ’ s Populism, ” Journal of Contemporary Asia 38,
no. 1 (2008): 62 – 83.
3. Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, Country Report: Thailand , Economist Intelligence Unit
Limited, 2010.
4. “ Army ’ s Power at Peak since Crackdown, ” Bangkok Post , June 19, 2010, http://www
.bangkokpost.com/news/local/39016/army-power-at-peak-since-crackdown .
5. Ibid.
6. Anuchit Nguyen, “ Thai Government Blocks Protest Web Site after Emergency Decree, ”
Bloomberg Business Week , April 7, 2010, http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-04-07/thai
-government-blocks-protest-web-site-after-emergency-decree.html .
7. National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, “ Internet User in Thailand, ” November 15, 2010, http://internet.nectec.or.th/webstats/internetuser.iir?Sec=internetuser .
8. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), “ Internet Indicators: Subscribers, Users
and Broadband Subscribers, ” 2009 fi gures, http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/Reporting/
ShowReportFrame.aspx?ReportName=/WTI/InformationTechnologyPublic & ReportFormat
=HTML4.0 & RP_intYear=2009 & RP_intLanguageID=1 & RP_bitLiveData=False .
9. National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, “ Thailand Internet Bandwidth, ” August
18, 2010, http://internet.nectec.or.th/webstats/bandwidth.iir?Sec=bandwidth .
10. Offi ce of National Statistics, ICT Household 2009 , Bangkok: Thana Press, 2010.
11. National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Internet Users Profi le of Thailand 2552
(2009), http://pld.nectec.or.th/websrii/images/stories/documents/books/internetuser_2009.pdf .
12. Offi ce of National Statistics, ICT Household 2009 .
13. The six IIGs are CAT Telecom Plc, TOT Plc, TRUE Corporation, Thai Telephone and Telecommunications (TT & T), ADC, and CS Loxinfo. Of these six IIGs, CAT Telecom Plc and TOT Plc were
former state enterprises and monopoly telecommunication companies, while TRUE and TT & T
are long-time telecommunications concessionaires. Only ADC and CS Loxinfo are new market
entrants after the telecommunications reform in 2005. For more discussion, see Thaweesak
Koanantakool, “Important Internet Statistics of Thailand, ” August 24, 2007, Internet Information
Thailand
dissidents have evaded the control using anonymizers and circumvention tools, while
civic organizations advocating for online freedom of expression have introduced
public education and regularly campaign against government Internet control, allied
with international NGOs advocating on similar issues.
Notes
1. Shino Yuasa, “ Anti-Thaksin Groups Launch Boycott over Temasek-Shin Corp Deal, ” Manager
Online, March 9, 2006, http://manager.co.th/Home/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9490000033125 .
2. Pasuk Phongpaichit and Chris Baker, “ Thaksin ’ s Populism, ” Journal of Contemporary Asia 38,
no. 1 (2008): 62 – 83.
3. Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, Country Report: Thailand , Economist Intelligence Unit
Limited, 2010.
4. “ Army ’ s Power at Peak since Crackdown, ” Bangkok Post , June 19, 2010, http://www
.bangkokpost.com/news/local/39016/army-power-at-peak-since-crackdown .
5. Ibid.
6. Anuchit Nguyen, “ Thai Government Blocks Protest Web Site after Emergency Decree, ”
Bloomberg Business Week , April 7, 2010, http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-04-07/thai
-government-blocks-protest-web-site-after-emergency-decree.html .
7. National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, “ Internet User in Thailand, ” November 15, 2010, http://internet.nectec.or.th/webstats/internetuser.iir?Sec=internetuser .
8. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), “ Internet Indicators: Subscribers, Users
and Broadband Subscribers, ” 2009 fi gures, http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/Reporting/
ShowReportFrame.aspx?ReportName=/WTI/InformationTechnologyPublic & ReportFormat
=HTML4.0 & RP_intYear=2009 & RP_intLanguageID=1 & RP_bitLiveData=False .
9. National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, “ Thailand Internet Bandwidth, ” August
18, 2010, http://internet.nectec.or.th/webstats/bandwidth.iir?Sec=bandwidth .
10. Offi ce of National Statistics, ICT Household 2009 , Bangkok: Thana Press, 2010.
11. National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Internet Users Profi le of Thailand 2552
(2009), http://pld.nectec.or.th/websrii/images/stories/documents/books/internetuser_2009.pdf .
12. Offi ce of National Statistics, ICT Household 2009 .
13. The six IIGs are CAT Telecom Plc, TOT Plc, TRUE Corporation, Thai Telephone and Telecommunications (TT & T), ADC, and CS Loxinfo. Of these six IIGs, CAT Telecom Plc and TOT Plc were
former state enterprises and monopoly telecommunication companies, while TRUE and TT & T
are long-time telecommunications concessionaires. Only ADC and CS Loxinfo are new market
entrants after the telecommunications reform in 2005. For more discussion, see Thaweesak
Koanantakool, “Important Internet Statistics of Thailand, ” August 24, 2007, Internet Information