ONI Country Profi le
313
and Information Technology drafts orders to apply censorship or fi ltering. There are
currently three methods of Internet fi ltering: border gateway protocol,
32 DNS Nawala,
33
and Trust Positive.
34 In the fi rst method, the administrator of the IIX places a URL
onto an IIX system blacklist. The blacklist information is then distributed to all the
ISPs connected to the IIX system, who then block the Web site. When end users try
to connect to the blacklisted URL, they are denied access. In the second method, the
administrator of the domain name server puts a URL onto a blacklist. Anyone (including warnets) may use DNS Nawala, a noncommercial domain name system – fi ltration
program that was developed by Telkom in cooperation with AWARI, as a “ self-censorship ” mechanism. When users attempt to access a URL that has been fi ltered by DNS
Nawala, the page is blocked.
35
Legal and Regulatory Frameworks
The Indonesian government has drafted a number of laws to regulate content on the
Internet. The fi rst that laid out guidelines on prohibited online content was the 2008
Electronic Information and Transaction Law.
36 The law has been controversial, and
many have expressed concern about the ways in which it limits freedom of expression.
A major concern among bloggers and journalists is the prohibition of defamation —
including online defamation — under Article 27(3) of the law, which allows police to
detain any suspects and impose sentences of up to six years on offenders.
37 In December 2008, a group of Indonesian bloggers and media rights advocates (including the
Legal Aid Center for the Press, the Independent Alliance of Journalists, and the Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation) requested a judicial review of the defamation article.
38
However, the Constitutional Court denied the request in 2009. A number of people
have been charged under the law.
39
Indonesia ’ s Anti-Pornography Law
40 was passed in October 2008 despite wide opposition from various groups, including secular political parties, artists, women ’ s groups,
and non-Muslim minorities who saw the law as a threat to the country ’ s cultural
diversity and the rights of minority groups and women.
41 The bill defi nes pornography
as “ pictures, sketches, illustrations, photographs, writings, sound, sound image,
moving animation, cartoons, conversations, gestures, or other forms of message
through various forms of communication media and/or performances in public, which
contain obscenity or sexual exploitation, ” and prohibits citizens from producing,
making, reproducing, duplicating, distributing, broadcasting, importing, exporting,
offering, trading in, leasing, and providing pornography.
42
It also gives powers to government to prevent the creation, dissemination, and use
of pornography. Under the law, any person found producing, creating, reproducing,
copying, distributing, broadcasting, importing, or exporting pornography could face
up to 12 years imprisonment or a fi ne of up to 6 billion rupiahs (approximately USD
313
and Information Technology drafts orders to apply censorship or fi ltering. There are
currently three methods of Internet fi ltering: border gateway protocol,
32 DNS Nawala,
33
and Trust Positive.
34 In the fi rst method, the administrator of the IIX places a URL
onto an IIX system blacklist. The blacklist information is then distributed to all the
ISPs connected to the IIX system, who then block the Web site. When end users try
to connect to the blacklisted URL, they are denied access. In the second method, the
administrator of the domain name server puts a URL onto a blacklist. Anyone (including warnets) may use DNS Nawala, a noncommercial domain name system – fi ltration
program that was developed by Telkom in cooperation with AWARI, as a “ self-censorship ” mechanism. When users attempt to access a URL that has been fi ltered by DNS
Nawala, the page is blocked.
35
Legal and Regulatory Frameworks
The Indonesian government has drafted a number of laws to regulate content on the
Internet. The fi rst that laid out guidelines on prohibited online content was the 2008
Electronic Information and Transaction Law.
36 The law has been controversial, and
many have expressed concern about the ways in which it limits freedom of expression.
A major concern among bloggers and journalists is the prohibition of defamation —
including online defamation — under Article 27(3) of the law, which allows police to
detain any suspects and impose sentences of up to six years on offenders.
37 In December 2008, a group of Indonesian bloggers and media rights advocates (including the
Legal Aid Center for the Press, the Independent Alliance of Journalists, and the Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation) requested a judicial review of the defamation article.
38
However, the Constitutional Court denied the request in 2009. A number of people
have been charged under the law.
39
Indonesia ’ s Anti-Pornography Law
40 was passed in October 2008 despite wide opposition from various groups, including secular political parties, artists, women ’ s groups,
and non-Muslim minorities who saw the law as a threat to the country ’ s cultural
diversity and the rights of minority groups and women.
41 The bill defi nes pornography
as “ pictures, sketches, illustrations, photographs, writings, sound, sound image,
moving animation, cartoons, conversations, gestures, or other forms of message
through various forms of communication media and/or performances in public, which
contain obscenity or sexual exploitation, ” and prohibits citizens from producing,
making, reproducing, duplicating, distributing, broadcasting, importing, exporting,
offering, trading in, leasing, and providing pornography.
42
It also gives powers to government to prevent the creation, dissemination, and use
of pornography. Under the law, any person found producing, creating, reproducing,
copying, distributing, broadcasting, importing, or exporting pornography could face
up to 12 years imprisonment or a fi ne of up to 6 billion rupiahs (approximately USD