ONI Country Profi le
295
96. Reporters Without Borders, “ China, ” http://en.rsf.org/report-china,57.html .
97. Ibid.
98. “ Law of the People ’ s Republic of China on Guarding State Secrets, ” adopted at the Third
Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People ’ s Congress on September 5,
1988, and revised at the 14th Session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People ’ s
Congress on April 29, 2010, http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/2010-04/29/content_1571588
.htm . Unoffi cial English translation is available at http://www.hrichina.org/public/PDFs/
PressReleases/20101001-StateSecretsLaw-EN.pdf .
99. Quoted in Gillian Wong, “ China Set to Tighten State Secrets Law Forcing Internet Firms to
Inform on Users, ” Washington Post , April 28, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/
content/article/2010/04/27/AR2010042704503.html .
100. Human Rights in China, “ HRIC Case Highlight: Shi Tao and Yahoo, ” http://www.hrichina
.org/public/highlight ; Human Rights in China, “ Examples of Cases Involving Charges Related to
State Secrets from 2007 to Present, ” July 24, 2009, http://hrichina.org/public/contents/
press?revision_id=170447 & item_id=170446 .
101. In the lead-up to the 17th party congress in 2007, an offi cial announcement from the
General Administration of Press and Publications indicated that it would clamp down on “ illegal
news coverage ” and “ false news ” in order to create a healthy and harmonious environment for
the congress. A crackdown on political news reporting, commentary, and Internet discussion
followed. Media outlets were given instructions on what they could write about, while ISPs and
individual Web sites disabled chat rooms and forums. See Peter Ford, “ Why China Shut Down
18,401 Web Sites, ” Christian Science Monitor , September 25, 2007, http://www.csmonitor
.com/2007/0925/p01s06-woap.html?page=1 .
102. “ China Shuts Over 60,000 Porn Websites This Year, ” Reuters, December 30, 2010, http://
www.reuters.com/article/2010/12/30/china-internet-idUSTOE6BT01T20101230 .
103. “ China Cracks Down on Illegal Online Drug Selling, ” People ’ s Daily, November 25, 2010,
http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90782/90872/7210365.html ; “ 290 Websites Closed for Illicit
Drug Promotion, ” People ’ s Daily , November 17, 2010, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/
90001/90776/7202638.html .
104. “ China Cracks Down on Online Gambling, Arrests 3,430, ” Xinhua News Agency, June 8,
2010, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-06/08/content_9948601.htm .
105. “ National Development and Reform Commission Issues National Approval for the ‘ Golden
Shield ’ Construction Project at Management Conference ” [in Chinese], Ministry of Public Security,
November 17, 2006. For more discussion of the Golden Shield Project, see Greg Walton, “ China ’ s
Golden Shield: Corporations and the Development of Surveillance Technology in the People ’ s
Republic of China, a Rights and Democracy Report, ” International Centre for Human Rights
and Democratic Development, October 2001, http://www.dd-rd.ca/site/_PDF/publications/
globalization/CGS_ENG.PDF .
295
96. Reporters Without Borders, “ China, ” http://en.rsf.org/report-china,57.html .
97. Ibid.
98. “ Law of the People ’ s Republic of China on Guarding State Secrets, ” adopted at the Third
Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People ’ s Congress on September 5,
1988, and revised at the 14th Session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People ’ s
Congress on April 29, 2010, http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/2010-04/29/content_1571588
.htm . Unoffi cial English translation is available at http://www.hrichina.org/public/PDFs/
PressReleases/20101001-StateSecretsLaw-EN.pdf .
99. Quoted in Gillian Wong, “ China Set to Tighten State Secrets Law Forcing Internet Firms to
Inform on Users, ” Washington Post , April 28, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/
content/article/2010/04/27/AR2010042704503.html .
100. Human Rights in China, “ HRIC Case Highlight: Shi Tao and Yahoo, ” http://www.hrichina
.org/public/highlight ; Human Rights in China, “ Examples of Cases Involving Charges Related to
State Secrets from 2007 to Present, ” July 24, 2009, http://hrichina.org/public/contents/
press?revision_id=170447 & item_id=170446 .
101. In the lead-up to the 17th party congress in 2007, an offi cial announcement from the
General Administration of Press and Publications indicated that it would clamp down on “ illegal
news coverage ” and “ false news ” in order to create a healthy and harmonious environment for
the congress. A crackdown on political news reporting, commentary, and Internet discussion
followed. Media outlets were given instructions on what they could write about, while ISPs and
individual Web sites disabled chat rooms and forums. See Peter Ford, “ Why China Shut Down
18,401 Web Sites, ” Christian Science Monitor , September 25, 2007, http://www.csmonitor
.com/2007/0925/p01s06-woap.html?page=1 .
102. “ China Shuts Over 60,000 Porn Websites This Year, ” Reuters, December 30, 2010, http://
www.reuters.com/article/2010/12/30/china-internet-idUSTOE6BT01T20101230 .
103. “ China Cracks Down on Illegal Online Drug Selling, ” People ’ s Daily, November 25, 2010,
http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90782/90872/7210365.html ; “ 290 Websites Closed for Illicit
Drug Promotion, ” People ’ s Daily , November 17, 2010, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/
90001/90776/7202638.html .
104. “ China Cracks Down on Online Gambling, Arrests 3,430, ” Xinhua News Agency, June 8,
2010, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-06/08/content_9948601.htm .
105. “ National Development and Reform Commission Issues National Approval for the ‘ Golden
Shield ’ Construction Project at Management Conference ” [in Chinese], Ministry of Public Security,
November 17, 2006. For more discussion of the Golden Shield Project, see Greg Walton, “ China ’ s
Golden Shield: Corporations and the Development of Surveillance Technology in the People ’ s
Republic of China, a Rights and Democracy Report, ” International Centre for Human Rights
and Democratic Development, October 2001, http://www.dd-rd.ca/site/_PDF/publications/
globalization/CGS_ENG.PDF .