194
Milton L. Mueller
20. Craig Labovitz, “ China Hijacks 15% of Internet Traffi c? ” Arbor Networks Security to the
Core Blog, November 19, 2010, http://asert.arbornetworks.com/2010/11/china-hijacks-15-of
-internet-traffi c .
21. Craig Labovitz, “ Additional Discussion of the April China BGP Hijack Incident, ” Arbor Networks Security to the Core Blog, November 22, 2010, http://asert.arbornetworks.com/2010/11/
additional-discussion-of-the-april-china-bgp-hijack-incident .
22. Information Warfare Monitor, Tracking Ghostnet: Investigating a Cyber-espionage Network ,
March 29, 2009, http://www.tracking-ghost.net .
23. Information Warfare Monitor and the Shadowserver Foundation, Shadows in the Cloud: Investigating Cyber Espionage 2.0 , April 6, 2010, http://shadows-in-the-cloud.net .
24. The German Federal Offi ce for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV) delivered a briefi ng
on its analysis of the cyber threat posed by the People ’ s Republic of China (PRC), which appears
to mirror conclusions drawn by the U.S. intelligence community. The BfV surmises that the
intention of PRC actors is espionage, and the primary attack vector used in their malicious activity is socially engineered e-mail messages containing malware attachments and/or embedded
links to hostile Web sites. From October 2006 to October 2007, 500 such e-mail operations were
conducted against a wide range of German organizations, and the attacks appear to be increasing
in scope and sophistication. See Wikileaks cable at “ A Selection from the Cache of Diplomatic
Dispatches, ” New York Times , November 28, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/
11/28/world/20101128-cables-viewer.html#report/ . Once on the site, click on “ China ” to get to
the cable.
25. “ US Embassy Cables: Google Hacking ‘ Directed by Chinese Politburo Itself, ’ ” Latest China
(The Guardian online China News), December 4, 2010, http://latestchina.com/article/?rid=24361.
26. “ WikiLeaks Cables Reveal Fears over Chinese Cyber Warfare, ” Latest China (The Guardian
online China News), December 4, 2010, http://latestchina.com/article/?rid=24367 .
27. Richard McGregor, “ Five Myths about the Chinese Communist Party — Market-Leninism
Lives, ” Foreign Policy (online), January/February 2011, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/
01/02/5_myths_about_the_chinese_communist_party .
28. Willy Wo-Lap Lam, The Era of Zhao Ziyang: Power Struggle in China, 1986 – 88 (Hong Kong:
A.B. Books and Stationery, 1989).
29. Rebecca MacKinnon, “ China ’ s Internet White Paper: Networked Authoritarianism in Action, ”
RConversation Blog, June 15, 2010, http://rconversation.blogs.com/rconversation/2010/06/chinas
-internet-white-paper-networked-authoritarianism.html .
30. Milton Mueller and Zixiang Tan, China in the Information Age: Telecommunications and the
Dilemmas of Reform (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996); and Irene S. Wu, From Iron Fist to Invisible Hand:
The Uneven Path of Telecommunications Reform in China (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press,
2009).
Milton L. Mueller
20. Craig Labovitz, “ China Hijacks 15% of Internet Traffi c? ” Arbor Networks Security to the
Core Blog, November 19, 2010, http://asert.arbornetworks.com/2010/11/china-hijacks-15-of
-internet-traffi c .
21. Craig Labovitz, “ Additional Discussion of the April China BGP Hijack Incident, ” Arbor Networks Security to the Core Blog, November 22, 2010, http://asert.arbornetworks.com/2010/11/
additional-discussion-of-the-april-china-bgp-hijack-incident .
22. Information Warfare Monitor, Tracking Ghostnet: Investigating a Cyber-espionage Network ,
March 29, 2009, http://www.tracking-ghost.net .
23. Information Warfare Monitor and the Shadowserver Foundation, Shadows in the Cloud: Investigating Cyber Espionage 2.0 , April 6, 2010, http://shadows-in-the-cloud.net .
24. The German Federal Offi ce for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV) delivered a briefi ng
on its analysis of the cyber threat posed by the People ’ s Republic of China (PRC), which appears
to mirror conclusions drawn by the U.S. intelligence community. The BfV surmises that the
intention of PRC actors is espionage, and the primary attack vector used in their malicious activity is socially engineered e-mail messages containing malware attachments and/or embedded
links to hostile Web sites. From October 2006 to October 2007, 500 such e-mail operations were
conducted against a wide range of German organizations, and the attacks appear to be increasing
in scope and sophistication. See Wikileaks cable at “ A Selection from the Cache of Diplomatic
Dispatches, ” New York Times , November 28, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/
11/28/world/20101128-cables-viewer.html#report/ . Once on the site, click on “ China ” to get to
the cable.
25. “ US Embassy Cables: Google Hacking ‘ Directed by Chinese Politburo Itself, ’ ” Latest China
(The Guardian online China News), December 4, 2010, http://latestchina.com/article/?rid=24361.
26. “ WikiLeaks Cables Reveal Fears over Chinese Cyber Warfare, ” Latest China (The Guardian
online China News), December 4, 2010, http://latestchina.com/article/?rid=24367 .
27. Richard McGregor, “ Five Myths about the Chinese Communist Party — Market-Leninism
Lives, ” Foreign Policy (online), January/February 2011, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/
01/02/5_myths_about_the_chinese_communist_party .
28. Willy Wo-Lap Lam, The Era of Zhao Ziyang: Power Struggle in China, 1986 – 88 (Hong Kong:
A.B. Books and Stationery, 1989).
29. Rebecca MacKinnon, “ China ’ s Internet White Paper: Networked Authoritarianism in Action, ”
RConversation Blog, June 15, 2010, http://rconversation.blogs.com/rconversation/2010/06/chinas
-internet-white-paper-networked-authoritarianism.html .
30. Milton Mueller and Zixiang Tan, China in the Information Age: Telecommunications and the
Dilemmas of Reform (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996); and Irene S. Wu, From Iron Fist to Invisible Hand:
The Uneven Path of Telecommunications Reform in China (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press,
2009).