Control and Resistance
173
19. See the Burma country profi le in this volume; Reporters Without Borders, “ Internet Enemies:
Burma, ” 2010, http://www.rsf.org/en-ennemi26126-Burma.html .
20. Nart Villeneuve, “ Fortinet for Who? ” Nart Villeneuve: Malware Explorer, October 13, 2005, http://
www.nartv.org/2005/10/13/fortinet-for-who/ ; United States Department of the Treasury, “ Burma
Sanctions, ” http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/pages/burma.aspx .
21. Reporters Without Borders, “ Press Freedom Index 2010, ” 2010, http://en.rsf.org/press
-freedom-index-2010,1034.html ; Committee to Protect Journalists, “ Ten Worst Countries to Be a
Blogger, ” April 30, 2009, http://cpj.org/reports/2009/04/10-worst-countries-to-be-a-blogger.php .
22. Seth Mydans, “ Steep Rise in Fuel Costs Prompts Rare Public Protest in Myanmar, ” New York Times ,
August 23, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/23/world/asia/23myanmar.html?_r=1 & scp.
23. Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung and Maung Aung Myoe, “ Myanmar in 2007, ” Asian Survey
48, no. 1 (2008): 13 – 19.
24. Ibid.
25. OpenNet Initiative, “ Pulling the Plug. ”
26. OpenNet Initiative, “ Nepal Country Profi le, ” 2007, http://opennet.net/research/profi les/nepal.
27. James Cowie, “ Egypt Leaves the Net, ” Renesys, January 27, 2011, http://www.renesys.com/
blog/2011/01/egypt-leaves-the-internet.shtml .
28. Ronald Deibert and Rafal Rohozinski, “ Good for Liberty, Bad for Security? Global Civil Society
and the Securitization of the Internet, ’ ’ in Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet
Filtering, ed. Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan Zittrain (Cambridge,
MA: MIT Press, 2008), 123 – 149.
29. Brian McCartan, “ Myanmar on the Cyber-offensive, ” Asia Times , October 1, 2008, http://
www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/JJ01Ae01.html .
30. Mizzima News also previously reported being the target of DDoS attacks on July 29, 2008.
Saw Yan Nang, “ The Irrawaddy Hopes to Defeat the Hackers Soon, ” The Irrawaddy, September
19, 2008, http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=14283 ; “ Websites of Three Burmese News
Agencies in Exile under Attack, ” Mizzima News, September 17, 2008, http://www.mizzima.com/
news/regional/1052-websites-of-three-burmese-news-agencies-in-exile-under-attack.html ;
Connie Levett, “ Burmese Dissident Websites Shut Down, ” The Age , September 20, 2008,
http://www.theage.com.au/news/web/burmese-dissident-websites-shut-down/2008/09/19/
1221935424916.html ; and Kenneth Denby, “ Dissident Websites Crippled by Burma on Anniversary of Revolt, ” The Times , September 22, 2008, http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/
tech_and_web/the_web/article4799375.ece.
31. “ Burma ’ s IT Generation Combats Regime Repression, ” The Irrawaddy, October 7, 2008,
http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=14399 ; “ Mizzima Websites Hacked, ” Mizzima
News, October 1, 2008, http://www.mizzima.com/news/inside-burma/1092-mizzima-websites
-hacked.html ; McCartan, “ Myanmar on the Cyber-offensive. ”
173
19. See the Burma country profi le in this volume; Reporters Without Borders, “ Internet Enemies:
Burma, ” 2010, http://www.rsf.org/en-ennemi26126-Burma.html .
20. Nart Villeneuve, “ Fortinet for Who? ” Nart Villeneuve: Malware Explorer, October 13, 2005, http://
www.nartv.org/2005/10/13/fortinet-for-who/ ; United States Department of the Treasury, “ Burma
Sanctions, ” http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/pages/burma.aspx .
21. Reporters Without Borders, “ Press Freedom Index 2010, ” 2010, http://en.rsf.org/press
-freedom-index-2010,1034.html ; Committee to Protect Journalists, “ Ten Worst Countries to Be a
Blogger, ” April 30, 2009, http://cpj.org/reports/2009/04/10-worst-countries-to-be-a-blogger.php .
22. Seth Mydans, “ Steep Rise in Fuel Costs Prompts Rare Public Protest in Myanmar, ” New York Times ,
August 23, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/23/world/asia/23myanmar.html?_r=1 & scp.
23. Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung and Maung Aung Myoe, “ Myanmar in 2007, ” Asian Survey
48, no. 1 (2008): 13 – 19.
24. Ibid.
25. OpenNet Initiative, “ Pulling the Plug. ”
26. OpenNet Initiative, “ Nepal Country Profi le, ” 2007, http://opennet.net/research/profi les/nepal.
27. James Cowie, “ Egypt Leaves the Net, ” Renesys, January 27, 2011, http://www.renesys.com/
blog/2011/01/egypt-leaves-the-internet.shtml .
28. Ronald Deibert and Rafal Rohozinski, “ Good for Liberty, Bad for Security? Global Civil Society
and the Securitization of the Internet, ’ ’ in Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet
Filtering, ed. Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan Zittrain (Cambridge,
MA: MIT Press, 2008), 123 – 149.
29. Brian McCartan, “ Myanmar on the Cyber-offensive, ” Asia Times , October 1, 2008, http://
www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/JJ01Ae01.html .
30. Mizzima News also previously reported being the target of DDoS attacks on July 29, 2008.
Saw Yan Nang, “ The Irrawaddy Hopes to Defeat the Hackers Soon, ” The Irrawaddy, September
19, 2008, http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=14283 ; “ Websites of Three Burmese News
Agencies in Exile under Attack, ” Mizzima News, September 17, 2008, http://www.mizzima.com/
news/regional/1052-websites-of-three-burmese-news-agencies-in-exile-under-attack.html ;
Connie Levett, “ Burmese Dissident Websites Shut Down, ” The Age , September 20, 2008,
http://www.theage.com.au/news/web/burmese-dissident-websites-shut-down/2008/09/19/
1221935424916.html ; and Kenneth Denby, “ Dissident Websites Crippled by Burma on Anniversary of Revolt, ” The Times , September 22, 2008, http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/
tech_and_web/the_web/article4799375.ece.
31. “ Burma ’ s IT Generation Combats Regime Repression, ” The Irrawaddy, October 7, 2008,
http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=14399 ; “ Mizzima Websites Hacked, ” Mizzima
News, October 1, 2008, http://www.mizzima.com/news/inside-burma/1092-mizzima-websites
-hacked.html ; McCartan, “ Myanmar on the Cyber-offensive. ”