further into different toxic and non-toxic products. Hence, it is crucial that investigations are not confined to the parent compounds, but also include transformation
pathways thus getting information on potentially hazardous metabolites. Furthermore, if only one enantiomer of the chiral pesticide released or applied as racemic
mixture is active against a target pest, while the other one remains as pollutant in the
environment, this resulting “silent enantiomer” may be toxic and carcinogen for
human consumers and wildlife. Today, with still limited tools for the evaluation of
enantioselective toxicity, enantioselective carcinogenesis and other associated
effects are reported in the scientific literature for various wildlife species (Ali et al.
2005; Lehmler et al. 2010; Wu et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2012; He et al. 2015), but still
there is only limited on humans (Hussain et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2017).
In the future, we expect that optically pure active pesticides will be synthesised
for combating agricultural and domestic pests. Hence, there will be no chance of
entering unnecessary (inactive enantiomer) toxic chemicals into the food chain. Such
products (optically active) will be considered as environmentally green, minimising
adverse impacts of the non-required enantiomer.
References
Aboul-Enein HY, Ali I (2003) Chiral separations by liquid chromatography and related
technologies. M. Dekker, New York
Aboul-Enein HY, Ali I (2004) Analysis of the chiral pollutants by chromatography. Toxicol
Environ Chem 86(1):1–22
Ali I (2009) Nano-hyphenation technologies. Lab Plus Intern (4/5):3
Ali I (2012) New generation adsorbents for water treatment. Chem Rev 112(10):5073–5091
Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY (2002) Determination of chiral ratio of o,p-DDT and o,p-DDD pesticides on
polysaccharides chiral stationary phases by HPLC under reversed-phase mode. Environ Toxicol
17(4):329–333
Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY (2004) Chiral pollutants: distribution, toxicity, and analysis by chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., NY
Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY, Ghanem A (2005) Enantioselective toxicity and carcinogenesis. Curr
Pharm Anal 1(1):26
Ali I, Gupta VK, Aboul-Enein HY (2008a) Chiral resolution of racemic environmental pollutants
by capillary electrophoresis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 38(3):132–146
Ali I, Gupta VK, Aboul-Enein HY, Hussain A (2008b) Hyphenation in sample preparation:
advancement from the micro to the nano world. J Sep Sci 31(11):2040–2053
Ali I, Al-Othman ZA, Alharbi OML (2016a) Uptake of pantoprazole drug residue from water using
novel synthesized composite iron nano adsorbent. J Mol Liq 218:465–472
Ali I, Al-Othman ZA, Alwarthan A (2016b) Synthesis of composite iron nano adsorbent and
removal of ibuprofen drug residue from water. J Mol Liq 219:858–864
Ali I, Rani D, Al-Othman ZA (2016c) Analysis of ibuprofen, pantoprazole, and itopride combination therapeutic drugs in human plasma by solid phase membrane microtip extraction and highperformance liquid chromatography methods using new generation core shell C18 column. J
Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 39(7):339–345
Ali I, Suhail M, Al-Othman ZA, Alwarthan A, Aboul-Enein HY (2016d) Enantiomeric resolution of
multiple chiral centres racemates by capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 30
(5):683–694
References
313
pathways thus getting information on potentially hazardous metabolites. Furthermore, if only one enantiomer of the chiral pesticide released or applied as racemic
mixture is active against a target pest, while the other one remains as pollutant in the
environment, this resulting “silent enantiomer” may be toxic and carcinogen for
human consumers and wildlife. Today, with still limited tools for the evaluation of
enantioselective toxicity, enantioselective carcinogenesis and other associated
effects are reported in the scientific literature for various wildlife species (Ali et al.
2005; Lehmler et al. 2010; Wu et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2012; He et al. 2015), but still
there is only limited on humans (Hussain et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2017).
In the future, we expect that optically pure active pesticides will be synthesised
for combating agricultural and domestic pests. Hence, there will be no chance of
entering unnecessary (inactive enantiomer) toxic chemicals into the food chain. Such
products (optically active) will be considered as environmentally green, minimising
adverse impacts of the non-required enantiomer.
References
Aboul-Enein HY, Ali I (2003) Chiral separations by liquid chromatography and related
technologies. M. Dekker, New York
Aboul-Enein HY, Ali I (2004) Analysis of the chiral pollutants by chromatography. Toxicol
Environ Chem 86(1):1–22
Ali I (2009) Nano-hyphenation technologies. Lab Plus Intern (4/5):3
Ali I (2012) New generation adsorbents for water treatment. Chem Rev 112(10):5073–5091
Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY (2002) Determination of chiral ratio of o,p-DDT and o,p-DDD pesticides on
polysaccharides chiral stationary phases by HPLC under reversed-phase mode. Environ Toxicol
17(4):329–333
Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY (2004) Chiral pollutants: distribution, toxicity, and analysis by chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., NY
Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY, Ghanem A (2005) Enantioselective toxicity and carcinogenesis. Curr
Pharm Anal 1(1):26
Ali I, Gupta VK, Aboul-Enein HY (2008a) Chiral resolution of racemic environmental pollutants
by capillary electrophoresis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 38(3):132–146
Ali I, Gupta VK, Aboul-Enein HY, Hussain A (2008b) Hyphenation in sample preparation:
advancement from the micro to the nano world. J Sep Sci 31(11):2040–2053
Ali I, Al-Othman ZA, Alharbi OML (2016a) Uptake of pantoprazole drug residue from water using
novel synthesized composite iron nano adsorbent. J Mol Liq 218:465–472
Ali I, Al-Othman ZA, Alwarthan A (2016b) Synthesis of composite iron nano adsorbent and
removal of ibuprofen drug residue from water. J Mol Liq 219:858–864
Ali I, Rani D, Al-Othman ZA (2016c) Analysis of ibuprofen, pantoprazole, and itopride combination therapeutic drugs in human plasma by solid phase membrane microtip extraction and highperformance liquid chromatography methods using new generation core shell C18 column. J
Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 39(7):339–345
Ali I, Suhail M, Al-Othman ZA, Alwarthan A, Aboul-Enein HY (2016d) Enantiomeric resolution of
multiple chiral centres racemates by capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 30
(5):683–694
References
313