Weigel S, Bester K, Hühnerfuss H (2001) New method for rapid solid-phase extraction of largevolume water samples and its application to non-target screening of North Sea water for organic
contaminants by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 912(1):151–161
Weigel S, Berger U, Jensen E, Kallenborn R, Thoresen H, Hühnerfuss H (2004a) Determination of
selected pharmaceuticals and caffeine in sewage and seawater from Tromso/Norway with
emphasis on ibuprofen and its metabolites. Chemosphere 56(6):583–592
Weigel S, Kallenborn R, Hühnerfuss H (2004b) Simultaneous solid-phase extraction of acidic,
neutral and basic pharmaceuticals from aqueous samples at ambient (neutral) pH and their
determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1023(2):183–195
Weiss DJ (1993) Leukocyte response to toxic injury. Toxicol Pathol 21(2):135–140
Wiberg K, Brorstrom-Lunden E, Wangberg I, Bidleman TF, Haglund P (2001) Concentrations and
fluxes of hexachlorocyclohexanes and chiral composition of alpha-HCH in environmental
samples from the southern Baltic Sea. Environ Sci Technol 35(24):4739–4746
Wilkinson N (2016) Organophosphorus pesticides : structural characteristics, mechanisms of
toxicity and effects of exposure on health. Nova, New York
Wong CS (2006) Environmental fate processes and biochemical transformations of chiral emerging
organic pollutants. Anal Bioanal Chem 386(3):544–558
Wong CS, Hoekstra PF, Karlsson H, Backus SM, Mabury SA, Muir DC (2002) Enantiomer
fractions of chiral organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in standard and
certified reference materials. Chemosphere 49(10):1339–1347
Wsol V, Skalova L, Szotakova B (2004) Chiral inversion of drugs: coincidence or principle? Curr
Drug Metab 5(6):517–533
Wu X, Lehmler HJ (2016) Effects of thiol antioxidants on the atropselective oxidation of
2,2
0 ,3,3
0 ,6,6
0 -hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 136) by rat liver microsomes. Environ Sci Pollut Res
Int 23(3):2081–2088
Wu X, Conkle JL, Ernst F, Gan J (2014) Treated wastewater irrigation: uptake of pharmaceutical
and personal care products by common vegetables under field conditions. Environ Sci Technol
48(19):11286–11293
Xiao Z, Nordberg A (1993) The competition of (-)-[3H]nicotine binding by the enantiomers of
nicotine, nornicotine and anatoxin-a in membranes and solubilized preparations of different
brain regions of rat. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 348(1):28–34
Xu C, Zhou Y, Qi R, Dai G, Tan X, He H (2017) Synthesis and herbicidal activity of optically active
alpha-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy) (substituted phenyl) methylphosphonates. Pestic Biochem
Physiol 143:298–305
Xu C, Lin X, Yin S, Zhao L, Liu Y, Liu K, Li F, Yang F, Liu W (2018) Enantioselectivity in
biotransformation and bioaccumulation processes of typical chiral contaminants. Environ Pollut
243(Pt B):1274–1286
Yadav MK, Short MD, Aryal R, Gerber C, van den Akker B, Saint CP (2017) Occurrence of illicit
drugs in water and wastewater and their removal during wastewater treatment. Water Res
124:713–727
Yang T, Huang Y, Cho BP (2006) Synthesis and characterization of enantiomeric anti-2fluorobenzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxides and their 2
0 -deoxyguanosine and
oligodeoxynucleotide adducts. Chem Res Toxicol 19(2):242–254
Yang D, Li X, Tao S, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang D, Yu L (2010) Enantioselective behavior of alphaHCH in mouse and quail tissues. Environ Sci Technol 44(5):1854–1859
Yang D, Kania-Korwel I, Ghogha A, Chen H, Stamou M, Bose DD, Pessah IN, Lehmler HJ, Lein
PJ (2014) PCB 136 atropselectively alters morphometric and functional parameters of neuronal
connectivity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons via ryanodine receptor-dependent mechanisms. Toxicol Sci 138(2):379–392
Yang Y, Zhang J, Yao Y (2017a) Enantioselective effects of chiral pesticides on their primary
targets and secondary targets. Curr Protein Pept Sci 18(1):22–32
Yang ZG, Xu GL, Reboud J, Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Cooper JM (2017b) Monitoring genetic
population biomarkers for wastewater-based epidemiology. Anal Chem 89(18):9941–9945
304
10 Chirality in Environmental Toxicity and Fate Assessments
contaminants by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 912(1):151–161
Weigel S, Berger U, Jensen E, Kallenborn R, Thoresen H, Hühnerfuss H (2004a) Determination of
selected pharmaceuticals and caffeine in sewage and seawater from Tromso/Norway with
emphasis on ibuprofen and its metabolites. Chemosphere 56(6):583–592
Weigel S, Kallenborn R, Hühnerfuss H (2004b) Simultaneous solid-phase extraction of acidic,
neutral and basic pharmaceuticals from aqueous samples at ambient (neutral) pH and their
determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1023(2):183–195
Weiss DJ (1993) Leukocyte response to toxic injury. Toxicol Pathol 21(2):135–140
Wiberg K, Brorstrom-Lunden E, Wangberg I, Bidleman TF, Haglund P (2001) Concentrations and
fluxes of hexachlorocyclohexanes and chiral composition of alpha-HCH in environmental
samples from the southern Baltic Sea. Environ Sci Technol 35(24):4739–4746
Wilkinson N (2016) Organophosphorus pesticides : structural characteristics, mechanisms of
toxicity and effects of exposure on health. Nova, New York
Wong CS (2006) Environmental fate processes and biochemical transformations of chiral emerging
organic pollutants. Anal Bioanal Chem 386(3):544–558
Wong CS, Hoekstra PF, Karlsson H, Backus SM, Mabury SA, Muir DC (2002) Enantiomer
fractions of chiral organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in standard and
certified reference materials. Chemosphere 49(10):1339–1347
Wsol V, Skalova L, Szotakova B (2004) Chiral inversion of drugs: coincidence or principle? Curr
Drug Metab 5(6):517–533
Wu X, Lehmler HJ (2016) Effects of thiol antioxidants on the atropselective oxidation of
2,2
0 ,3,3
0 ,6,6
0 -hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 136) by rat liver microsomes. Environ Sci Pollut Res
Int 23(3):2081–2088
Wu X, Conkle JL, Ernst F, Gan J (2014) Treated wastewater irrigation: uptake of pharmaceutical
and personal care products by common vegetables under field conditions. Environ Sci Technol
48(19):11286–11293
Xiao Z, Nordberg A (1993) The competition of (-)-[3H]nicotine binding by the enantiomers of
nicotine, nornicotine and anatoxin-a in membranes and solubilized preparations of different
brain regions of rat. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 348(1):28–34
Xu C, Zhou Y, Qi R, Dai G, Tan X, He H (2017) Synthesis and herbicidal activity of optically active
alpha-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy) (substituted phenyl) methylphosphonates. Pestic Biochem
Physiol 143:298–305
Xu C, Lin X, Yin S, Zhao L, Liu Y, Liu K, Li F, Yang F, Liu W (2018) Enantioselectivity in
biotransformation and bioaccumulation processes of typical chiral contaminants. Environ Pollut
243(Pt B):1274–1286
Yadav MK, Short MD, Aryal R, Gerber C, van den Akker B, Saint CP (2017) Occurrence of illicit
drugs in water and wastewater and their removal during wastewater treatment. Water Res
124:713–727
Yang T, Huang Y, Cho BP (2006) Synthesis and characterization of enantiomeric anti-2fluorobenzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxides and their 2
0 -deoxyguanosine and
oligodeoxynucleotide adducts. Chem Res Toxicol 19(2):242–254
Yang D, Li X, Tao S, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang D, Yu L (2010) Enantioselective behavior of alphaHCH in mouse and quail tissues. Environ Sci Technol 44(5):1854–1859
Yang D, Kania-Korwel I, Ghogha A, Chen H, Stamou M, Bose DD, Pessah IN, Lehmler HJ, Lein
PJ (2014) PCB 136 atropselectively alters morphometric and functional parameters of neuronal
connectivity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons via ryanodine receptor-dependent mechanisms. Toxicol Sci 138(2):379–392
Yang Y, Zhang J, Yao Y (2017a) Enantioselective effects of chiral pesticides on their primary
targets and secondary targets. Curr Protein Pept Sci 18(1):22–32
Yang ZG, Xu GL, Reboud J, Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Cooper JM (2017b) Monitoring genetic
population biomarkers for wastewater-based epidemiology. Anal Chem 89(18):9941–9945
304
10 Chirality in Environmental Toxicity and Fate Assessments