forecast the spreading of chiral pollutants according to dissimilar environmental
conditions.
Recently, the scientific interest turned to the elucidation of the fate of chiral
pharmaceuticals in the environment (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. 2008, 2009, 2010;
Kasprzyk-Hordern and Baker 2012; Evans and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2014; VazquezRoig et al. 2014; Camacho-Munoz and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2015; Andres-Costa et al.
2017; Yang et al. 2017a; b; Castrignano et al. 2018a, b, 2020; Rice et al. 2018). A
multitude of diverse chiral pharmaceuticals are now discussed in the literature
(Sanganyado et al. 2017; Duan et al. 2018; Xu et al. 2018; Zhou et al. 2018; Qu
et al. 2019; Ma et al. 2020; Mechelke et al. 2020; Ruan et al. 2020; Song et al. 2020).
Furthermore, only a few compounds were detected in each study although a few
multicomponent methods are reported (Castrignano et al. 2018a, b; Petrie et al. 2018,
Hernandez et al. 2019, Proctor et al. 2019). Consequently, the current research
priorities in this field are directed towards multi-residue approach and objective
multiple chiral pharmaceutical pollutants in environmental trace analyses. Many
chiral pharmaceuticals show good mobility because of their good water solubility
and low adsorption to solids. So, future studies should be extended to ground and
drinking waters and other food stuff (He et al. 2018; Gao et al. 2019a, b; Ruan et al.
2020).
10.4 Enantioselective Uptake, Translocation
and Metabolism
Most of the studies on the environmental fate of chiral pharmaceuticals concentrated
on their transformation in surface and waste waters, largely neglecting other components like soil, sediment, wetland, plants and food stuff. Pharmaceuticals are
entering into soil via recycled water and sludge (Zhou et al. 2018; Jureczko and
Kalka 2020; Kroon et al. 2020; Simu et al. 2020). Many studies showed that
biotransformation in soil plays an important role in the total ecological fate of
pharmaceuticals and controls secondary contamination with leaching, runoff and
transferal to land-dwelling animals (Kaczala and Blum 2016; Yadav et al. 2017;
Ezzariai et al. 2018; Xu et al. 2018; Majumder et al. 2019; Parezanovic et al. 2019;
Pereira et al. 2020). In addition, chiral pollutants are taken up by plants from soil.
Most storage parts of the plants are edible, thus, as a consequence, threatening food
stuff quality. It is important to mention that Wu et al. (2014) reported naproxen in
bell pepper and cabbage, which warrants future research on stereoselective uptake of
such chiral compounds.
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10 Chirality in Environmental Toxicity and Fate Assessments
conditions.
Recently, the scientific interest turned to the elucidation of the fate of chiral
pharmaceuticals in the environment (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. 2008, 2009, 2010;
Kasprzyk-Hordern and Baker 2012; Evans and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2014; VazquezRoig et al. 2014; Camacho-Munoz and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2015; Andres-Costa et al.
2017; Yang et al. 2017a; b; Castrignano et al. 2018a, b, 2020; Rice et al. 2018). A
multitude of diverse chiral pharmaceuticals are now discussed in the literature
(Sanganyado et al. 2017; Duan et al. 2018; Xu et al. 2018; Zhou et al. 2018; Qu
et al. 2019; Ma et al. 2020; Mechelke et al. 2020; Ruan et al. 2020; Song et al. 2020).
Furthermore, only a few compounds were detected in each study although a few
multicomponent methods are reported (Castrignano et al. 2018a, b; Petrie et al. 2018,
Hernandez et al. 2019, Proctor et al. 2019). Consequently, the current research
priorities in this field are directed towards multi-residue approach and objective
multiple chiral pharmaceutical pollutants in environmental trace analyses. Many
chiral pharmaceuticals show good mobility because of their good water solubility
and low adsorption to solids. So, future studies should be extended to ground and
drinking waters and other food stuff (He et al. 2018; Gao et al. 2019a, b; Ruan et al.
2020).
10.4 Enantioselective Uptake, Translocation
and Metabolism
Most of the studies on the environmental fate of chiral pharmaceuticals concentrated
on their transformation in surface and waste waters, largely neglecting other components like soil, sediment, wetland, plants and food stuff. Pharmaceuticals are
entering into soil via recycled water and sludge (Zhou et al. 2018; Jureczko and
Kalka 2020; Kroon et al. 2020; Simu et al. 2020). Many studies showed that
biotransformation in soil plays an important role in the total ecological fate of
pharmaceuticals and controls secondary contamination with leaching, runoff and
transferal to land-dwelling animals (Kaczala and Blum 2016; Yadav et al. 2017;
Ezzariai et al. 2018; Xu et al. 2018; Majumder et al. 2019; Parezanovic et al. 2019;
Pereira et al. 2020). In addition, chiral pollutants are taken up by plants from soil.
Most storage parts of the plants are edible, thus, as a consequence, threatening food
stuff quality. It is important to mention that Wu et al. (2014) reported naproxen in
bell pepper and cabbage, which warrants future research on stereoselective uptake of
such chiral compounds.
290
10 Chirality in Environmental Toxicity and Fate Assessments