transportation. Some modelling approaches have been used to identify the sources of
pollution. Basically, sources of pollution are the major cause of contamination.
Researchers and Government authorities should work together to identify the exact
sources of pollution. This will be highly helpful to control the pollution of various
chiral pollutants.
References
Aleksa K, Carnevale A, Goodyer C, Koren G (2012) Detection of polybrominated biphenyl ethers
(PBDEs) in pediatric hair as a tool for determining in utero exposure. Forensic Sci Int 218
(1–3):37–43
Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY (2004) Chiral pollutants: distribution, toxicity, and analysis by chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. West Sussex, Eng.; J. Wiley, Chichester; Hoboken, NJ
Ali-Musstjab-Akber-Shah Eqani S, Malik RN, Alamdar A, Faheem H (2012) Status of organochlorine contaminants in the different environmental compartments of Pakistan: a review on
occurrence and levels. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 88(3):303–310
Almetwally AA, Bin-Jumah M, Allam AA (2020) Ambient air pollution and its influence on human
health and welfare: an overview. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 27(20):24815–24830
American Chemical Society. National Meeting (238th:2009: Washington DC), R. U. Halden,
American Chemical Society. Division of Environmental Chemistry and American Chemical
Society (2010) Contaminants of emerging concern in the environment: ecological and human
health considerations. American Chemical Society; Distributed by Oxford University Press,
Washington DC; New York
Andra SS, Charisiadis P, Arora M, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Makris KC (2015) Biomonitoring of
human exposures to chlorinated derivatives and structural analogs of bisphenol A. Environ Int
85:352–379
Andres-Costa MJ, Proctor K, Sabatini MT, Gee AP, Lewis SE, Pico Y, Kasprzyk-Hordern B (2017)
Enantioselective transformation of fluoxetine in water and its ecotoxicological relevance. Sci
Rep 7(1):15777
Ayanda OS, Olutona GO, Olumayede EG, Akintayo CO, Ximba BJ (2016) Phenols, flame
retardants and phthalates in water and wastewater – a global problem. Water Sci Technol 74
(5):1025–1038
Bartikova H, Podlipna R, Skalova L (2016) Veterinary drugs in the environment and their toxicity
to plants. Chemosphere 144:2290–2301
Basheer AA (2018) Chemical chiral pollution: Impact on the society and science and need of the
regulations in the 21st century. Chirality 30(4):402–406
Becker L, Glavin DP, Bada JL (1997) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Antarctic
Martian meteorites, carbonaceous chondrites, and polar ice. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61
(2):475–481
Beiras R (2018) Marine pollution: sources, fate and effects of pollutants in coastal ecosystems.
Amsterdam; Oxford; Elsevier, Netherlands; United Kingdom; Cambridge, MA
Bidleman TF, Falconer RL (1999) Peer reviewed: using enantiomers to trace pesticide emissions.
Environ Sci Technol 33(9):206A–209A
Bidleman TF, Leone AD (2004) Soil-air exchange of organochlorine pesticides in the Southern
United States. Environ Pollut 128(1–2):49–57
Bidleman TF, Leone AD, Falconer RL, Harner T, Jantunen LM, Wiberg K, Helm PA, Diamond
ML, Loo B (2002) Chiral pesticides in soil and water and exchange with the atmosphere. Sci
World J 2:357–373
268
9 Source Characterisation and Contamination
pollution. Basically, sources of pollution are the major cause of contamination.
Researchers and Government authorities should work together to identify the exact
sources of pollution. This will be highly helpful to control the pollution of various
chiral pollutants.
References
Aleksa K, Carnevale A, Goodyer C, Koren G (2012) Detection of polybrominated biphenyl ethers
(PBDEs) in pediatric hair as a tool for determining in utero exposure. Forensic Sci Int 218
(1–3):37–43
Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY (2004) Chiral pollutants: distribution, toxicity, and analysis by chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. West Sussex, Eng.; J. Wiley, Chichester; Hoboken, NJ
Ali-Musstjab-Akber-Shah Eqani S, Malik RN, Alamdar A, Faheem H (2012) Status of organochlorine contaminants in the different environmental compartments of Pakistan: a review on
occurrence and levels. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 88(3):303–310
Almetwally AA, Bin-Jumah M, Allam AA (2020) Ambient air pollution and its influence on human
health and welfare: an overview. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 27(20):24815–24830
American Chemical Society. National Meeting (238th:2009: Washington DC), R. U. Halden,
American Chemical Society. Division of Environmental Chemistry and American Chemical
Society (2010) Contaminants of emerging concern in the environment: ecological and human
health considerations. American Chemical Society; Distributed by Oxford University Press,
Washington DC; New York
Andra SS, Charisiadis P, Arora M, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Makris KC (2015) Biomonitoring of
human exposures to chlorinated derivatives and structural analogs of bisphenol A. Environ Int
85:352–379
Andres-Costa MJ, Proctor K, Sabatini MT, Gee AP, Lewis SE, Pico Y, Kasprzyk-Hordern B (2017)
Enantioselective transformation of fluoxetine in water and its ecotoxicological relevance. Sci
Rep 7(1):15777
Ayanda OS, Olutona GO, Olumayede EG, Akintayo CO, Ximba BJ (2016) Phenols, flame
retardants and phthalates in water and wastewater – a global problem. Water Sci Technol 74
(5):1025–1038
Bartikova H, Podlipna R, Skalova L (2016) Veterinary drugs in the environment and their toxicity
to plants. Chemosphere 144:2290–2301
Basheer AA (2018) Chemical chiral pollution: Impact on the society and science and need of the
regulations in the 21st century. Chirality 30(4):402–406
Becker L, Glavin DP, Bada JL (1997) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Antarctic
Martian meteorites, carbonaceous chondrites, and polar ice. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61
(2):475–481
Beiras R (2018) Marine pollution: sources, fate and effects of pollutants in coastal ecosystems.
Amsterdam; Oxford; Elsevier, Netherlands; United Kingdom; Cambridge, MA
Bidleman TF, Falconer RL (1999) Peer reviewed: using enantiomers to trace pesticide emissions.
Environ Sci Technol 33(9):206A–209A
Bidleman TF, Leone AD (2004) Soil-air exchange of organochlorine pesticides in the Southern
United States. Environ Pollut 128(1–2):49–57
Bidleman TF, Leone AD, Falconer RL, Harner T, Jantunen LM, Wiberg K, Helm PA, Diamond
ML, Loo B (2002) Chiral pesticides in soil and water and exchange with the atmosphere. Sci
World J 2:357–373
268
9 Source Characterisation and Contamination