Koske G, Leupold G, Angerhofer D, Parlar H (1999) Multidimensional gas chromatographic
enantiomer quantification of some chlorinated xenobiotics in cod liver and fish oils.
Chemosphere 39(4):683–688
Kraft M, Rauchfuss K, Sievering S, Wockner M, Neugebauer F, Fromme H (2017) Quantification
of all 209 PCB congeners in blood-Can indicators be used to calculate the total PCB blood load?
Int J Hyg Environ Health 220(2 Pt A):201–208
Kumari R, Subudhi S, Suar M, Dhingra G, Raina V, Dogra C, Lal S, van der Meer JR, Holliger C,
Lal R (2002) Cloning and characterization of lin genes responsible for the degradation of
Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers by Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain B90. Appl Environ
Microbiol 68(12):6021–6028
Kurt-Karakus PB, Bidleman TF, Jones KC (2005) Chiral organochlorine pesticide signatures in
global background soils. Environ Sci Technol 39(22):8671–8677
Kurt-Karakus PB, Stroud JL, Bidleman T, Semple KT, Jantunen L, Jones KC (2007)
Enantioselective degradation of organochlorine pesticides in background soils: variability in
field and laboratory studies. Environ Sci Technol 41(14):4965–4971
Lal R, Pandey G, Sharma P, Kumari K, Malhotra S, Pandey R, Raina V, Kohler HP, Holliger C,
Jackson C, Oakeshott JG (2010) Biochemistry of microbial degradation of
hexachlorocyclohexane and prospects for bioremediation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 74(1):58–80
Lang V (1992) Polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment. J Chromatogr 595(1–2):1–43
Langenhoff AA, Staps SJ, Pijls C, Rijnaarts HH (2013) Stimulation of hexachlorocyclohexane
(HCH) biodegradation in a full scale in situ bioscreen. Environ Sci Technol 47
(19):11182–11188
Langlois C, Langis R (1995) Presence of airborne contaminants in the wildlife of northern Quebec.
Sci Total Environ 160–161:391–402
Laquitaine L, Durimel A, de Alencastro LF, Jean-Marius C, Gros O, Gaspard S (2016) Biodegradability of HCH in agricultural soils from Guadeloupe (French West Indies): identification of the
lin genes involved in the HCH degradation pathway. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 23(1):120–127
Larsson C, Ellerichmann T, Franke S, Athanasiadou M, Hühnerfuss H, Bergman Å (1999)
Enantiomeric separation of chiral methylsulphonyl PCB congeners in liver and adipose tissue
from rats dosed with A50. Organohalogen Comp. 40:427–430
Larsson C, Ellerichmann T, Hühnerfuss H, Bergman A (2002) Chiral PCB methyl sulfones in rat
tissues after exposure to technical PCBs. Environ Sci Technol 36(13):2833–2838
Larsson C, Norstrom K, Athanansiadis I, Bignert A, König WA, Bergman A (2004a) Enantiomeric
specificity of methylsulfonyl-PCBs and distribution of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone in grey seal
tissues. Environ Sci Technol 38(19):4950–4955
Larsson C, Norstrom K, Athanansiadis I, Bignert A, König WA, Bergman A (2004b) Enantiomeric
specificity of methylsulfonyl-PCBs and distribution of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone, PCB, and
DDE methyl sulfones in grey seal tissues. Environ Sci Technol 38(19):4950–4955
Law SA, Bidleman TF, Martin MJ, Ruby MV (2004) Evidence of enantioselective degradation of
alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane in groundwater. Environ Sci Technol 38(6):1633–1638
Lee PW, Aizawa H (2003) Handbook of residue analytical methods for agrochemicals. West
Sussex; Wiley, Chichester; Hoboken, NJ
Lee I, Gopalan AI, Lee KP (2016) Enantioselective Determination of Polycyclic Musks in River
and Wastewater by GC/MS/MS. Int J Environ Res Public Health 13(3):349
Lehmler HJ, Harrad SJ, Hühnerfuss H, Kania-Korwel I, Lee CM, Lu Z, Wong CS (2010) Chiral
polychlorinated biphenyl transport, metabolism, and distribution: a review. Environ Sci Technol
44(8):2757–2766
Leone AD, Amato S, Falconer RL (2001) Emission of chiral organochlorine pesticides from
agricultural soils in the cornbelt region of the U.S. Environ Sci Technol 35(23):4592–4596
Leon-Gonzalez ME, Rosales-Conrado N, Perez-Arribas LV, Guillen-Casla V (2014)
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography for direct chiral separations: a review. Biomed
Chromatogr 28(1):59–83
240
8 Enantiomer-Specific Fate and Behaviour of Chiral Contaminants
enantiomer quantification of some chlorinated xenobiotics in cod liver and fish oils.
Chemosphere 39(4):683–688
Kraft M, Rauchfuss K, Sievering S, Wockner M, Neugebauer F, Fromme H (2017) Quantification
of all 209 PCB congeners in blood-Can indicators be used to calculate the total PCB blood load?
Int J Hyg Environ Health 220(2 Pt A):201–208
Kumari R, Subudhi S, Suar M, Dhingra G, Raina V, Dogra C, Lal S, van der Meer JR, Holliger C,
Lal R (2002) Cloning and characterization of lin genes responsible for the degradation of
Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers by Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain B90. Appl Environ
Microbiol 68(12):6021–6028
Kurt-Karakus PB, Bidleman TF, Jones KC (2005) Chiral organochlorine pesticide signatures in
global background soils. Environ Sci Technol 39(22):8671–8677
Kurt-Karakus PB, Stroud JL, Bidleman T, Semple KT, Jantunen L, Jones KC (2007)
Enantioselective degradation of organochlorine pesticides in background soils: variability in
field and laboratory studies. Environ Sci Technol 41(14):4965–4971
Lal R, Pandey G, Sharma P, Kumari K, Malhotra S, Pandey R, Raina V, Kohler HP, Holliger C,
Jackson C, Oakeshott JG (2010) Biochemistry of microbial degradation of
hexachlorocyclohexane and prospects for bioremediation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 74(1):58–80
Lang V (1992) Polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment. J Chromatogr 595(1–2):1–43
Langenhoff AA, Staps SJ, Pijls C, Rijnaarts HH (2013) Stimulation of hexachlorocyclohexane
(HCH) biodegradation in a full scale in situ bioscreen. Environ Sci Technol 47
(19):11182–11188
Langlois C, Langis R (1995) Presence of airborne contaminants in the wildlife of northern Quebec.
Sci Total Environ 160–161:391–402
Laquitaine L, Durimel A, de Alencastro LF, Jean-Marius C, Gros O, Gaspard S (2016) Biodegradability of HCH in agricultural soils from Guadeloupe (French West Indies): identification of the
lin genes involved in the HCH degradation pathway. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 23(1):120–127
Larsson C, Ellerichmann T, Franke S, Athanasiadou M, Hühnerfuss H, Bergman Å (1999)
Enantiomeric separation of chiral methylsulphonyl PCB congeners in liver and adipose tissue
from rats dosed with A50. Organohalogen Comp. 40:427–430
Larsson C, Ellerichmann T, Hühnerfuss H, Bergman A (2002) Chiral PCB methyl sulfones in rat
tissues after exposure to technical PCBs. Environ Sci Technol 36(13):2833–2838
Larsson C, Norstrom K, Athanansiadis I, Bignert A, König WA, Bergman A (2004a) Enantiomeric
specificity of methylsulfonyl-PCBs and distribution of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone in grey seal
tissues. Environ Sci Technol 38(19):4950–4955
Larsson C, Norstrom K, Athanansiadis I, Bignert A, König WA, Bergman A (2004b) Enantiomeric
specificity of methylsulfonyl-PCBs and distribution of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone, PCB, and
DDE methyl sulfones in grey seal tissues. Environ Sci Technol 38(19):4950–4955
Law SA, Bidleman TF, Martin MJ, Ruby MV (2004) Evidence of enantioselective degradation of
alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane in groundwater. Environ Sci Technol 38(6):1633–1638
Lee PW, Aizawa H (2003) Handbook of residue analytical methods for agrochemicals. West
Sussex; Wiley, Chichester; Hoboken, NJ
Lee I, Gopalan AI, Lee KP (2016) Enantioselective Determination of Polycyclic Musks in River
and Wastewater by GC/MS/MS. Int J Environ Res Public Health 13(3):349
Lehmler HJ, Harrad SJ, Hühnerfuss H, Kania-Korwel I, Lee CM, Lu Z, Wong CS (2010) Chiral
polychlorinated biphenyl transport, metabolism, and distribution: a review. Environ Sci Technol
44(8):2757–2766
Leone AD, Amato S, Falconer RL (2001) Emission of chiral organochlorine pesticides from
agricultural soils in the cornbelt region of the U.S. Environ Sci Technol 35(23):4592–4596
Leon-Gonzalez ME, Rosales-Conrado N, Perez-Arribas LV, Guillen-Casla V (2014)
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography for direct chiral separations: a review. Biomed
Chromatogr 28(1):59–83
240
8 Enantiomer-Specific Fate and Behaviour of Chiral Contaminants