In the samples from Schleswig-Holstein and Baden-Württemberg, also considerable levels of oxychlordane and heptachlor exoepoxide were found. In line with
previous reports of other authors for terrestrial animals of higher trophic level
(Rimkus and Wolf 1987; Falandysz and Kannan 1992; Elkin and Bethke 1995;
Langlois and Langis 1995; Pfaffenberger 1995; Kelly and Gobas 2003; Herceg
Romanic et al. 2012; Slamecka et al. 2012; Marsalek et al. 2013), from both possible
isomers of heptachlorepoxide, the exo- and endo-isomer, only the heptachlor
exoepoxide was found in the liver of roe-deer. In all eight liver samples from
Schleswig-Holstein, unusually high concentrations of oxychlordane and of heptachlor exoepoxide were determined. The concentrations vary between 10 and 60 μg/
kg fat for oxychlordane and between 10 and 100 μg/kg fat for heptachlor exoepoxide
(Table 8.16). This is remarkable, because the application of these soil insecticides
was stopped in the mid-seventies. However, this result is a consequence of the
negative environmental properties of such chlorinated compounds, that is, slow
degradation and high bioaccumulation. The concentrations of both compounds in
the liver samples from Baden-Württemberg were, as already discussed for α-HCH,
in the same order of magnitude. The concentrations vary between 13 and 100 μg/kg
fat for oxychlordane and between 10 and 236 μg/kg fat for heptachlor exoepoxide
(Table 8.16). These values are a further indication that there are no great differences
Table 8.16 Concentrations (μg/kg fat) and enantiomeric ratios (ER) of oxychlordane and heptachlor exoepoxide in roe-deer livers from Schleswig-Holstein and Baden-Württemberg; from
(Pfaffenberger et al. 1994a, b)
Sample
no.
Oxychlordane
Heptachlor exoepoxide
Concentration (μg/
kg fat)
ER (+)-/(À)enantiomer
Concentration (μg/
kg fat)
ER (+)-/(À)enantiomer
Schleswig-Holstein
1
40
9
10
1
2
6 0
1 2
4 0
2
3
50
14
100
6
4
3 0
1 1
4 0
2
5
6 0
1 7
9 0
7
6
4 0
1 2
7 0
9
7
3 0
1 1
3 0
5
8
10
7
20
5
Baden-Württemberg
9
1 6
–
17
–
10
53
–
21
–
11
60
–
81
–
12
82
27
45
2
13
46
19
140
3
14
31
–
61
–
15
13
–
10
–
16
38
20
56
2
17
100
18
236
3
8.2 Transformation/Accumulation of Chiral Xenobiotics in Higher Organisms
175
previous reports of other authors for terrestrial animals of higher trophic level
(Rimkus and Wolf 1987; Falandysz and Kannan 1992; Elkin and Bethke 1995;
Langlois and Langis 1995; Pfaffenberger 1995; Kelly and Gobas 2003; Herceg
Romanic et al. 2012; Slamecka et al. 2012; Marsalek et al. 2013), from both possible
isomers of heptachlorepoxide, the exo- and endo-isomer, only the heptachlor
exoepoxide was found in the liver of roe-deer. In all eight liver samples from
Schleswig-Holstein, unusually high concentrations of oxychlordane and of heptachlor exoepoxide were determined. The concentrations vary between 10 and 60 μg/
kg fat for oxychlordane and between 10 and 100 μg/kg fat for heptachlor exoepoxide
(Table 8.16). This is remarkable, because the application of these soil insecticides
was stopped in the mid-seventies. However, this result is a consequence of the
negative environmental properties of such chlorinated compounds, that is, slow
degradation and high bioaccumulation. The concentrations of both compounds in
the liver samples from Baden-Württemberg were, as already discussed for α-HCH,
in the same order of magnitude. The concentrations vary between 13 and 100 μg/kg
fat for oxychlordane and between 10 and 236 μg/kg fat for heptachlor exoepoxide
(Table 8.16). These values are a further indication that there are no great differences
Table 8.16 Concentrations (μg/kg fat) and enantiomeric ratios (ER) of oxychlordane and heptachlor exoepoxide in roe-deer livers from Schleswig-Holstein and Baden-Württemberg; from
(Pfaffenberger et al. 1994a, b)
Sample
no.
Oxychlordane
Heptachlor exoepoxide
Concentration (μg/
kg fat)
ER (+)-/(À)enantiomer
Concentration (μg/
kg fat)
ER (+)-/(À)enantiomer
Schleswig-Holstein
1
40
9
10
1
2
6 0
1 2
4 0
2
3
50
14
100
6
4
3 0
1 1
4 0
2
5
6 0
1 7
9 0
7
6
4 0
1 2
7 0
9
7
3 0
1 1
3 0
5
8
10
7
20
5
Baden-Württemberg
9
1 6
–
17
–
10
53
–
21
–
11
60
–
81
–
12
82
27
45
2
13
46
19
140
3
14
31
–
61
–
15
13
–
10
–
16
38
20
56
2
17
100
18
236
3
8.2 Transformation/Accumulation of Chiral Xenobiotics in Higher Organisms
175