514
Intermittent fasting (cont.)
OMAD, 445
periodic fasting, 444, 446
religions, 444
techniques, 444
types, 444, 448
warrior diet 20:4, 445
International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 126
Intumescent coatings, 225
Invertebrates, 336
Iodine, 400
Iodine deficiency, 25, 461
Irish moss, 461
K
Kreb’s cycle, 58
Kussmaul’s respiration, 37
L
Lactation abnormalities, 29
Lactic acidosis
GPR81 receptors, 85
metabolic substrates, 85
physiological and pathological
conditions, 85
Langerhans, 19
Lead, 213
cell membrane and RBCs, 212
GSH, 212
IL-8 synthesis, 213
inflammation, 213
lipid membrane, 212
oxidative stress, 212
oxides and peroxides, 212
sources, 211
Leloir pathway, 46
Leptin, 214
Lesch–Nyhan disease, 75
Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
genetics, 76
treatment, 76
Lipid homeostasis, 87
Lipid metabolism, 215, 358, 359, 362, 363
AFs toxicity, 385
Lipodystrophy, 360
Lipoproteins, 105, 257
Liposomes, 433
Long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids
(LC-PUFA), 91
Lycopene, 493, 495
Lyophilization, NPs, 425
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), 74
cellular organelles, 74
genetics, 75
treatment, 75
M
Macro-nutrients, 395
Maillard reaction, 178, 184
Mainstream smoker, 346
Malnutrition, 395
McArdle disease, 51
Metabolic disorder chemicals (MDCs)
in animal models, 290
in vivo animal models, 284
on lipid metabolism, 282
on obesity, 281
pesticides role, 277 (see also Pesticides)
on protein peroxidation, 281
sexual distinctions, brain, 285
Metabolic disorders, 86, 125, 126, 259, 260
carbohydrates, 44
defined, 44
diabetes, 34, 35
DKA, 36, 37
ED, 30
enzyme deficiency, 44
galactorrhea, 29
HHNC, 37, 38
hyperthyroidism, 24
hypoglycemia, 35
hypopituitarism, 32
hypothalamus, 33
hypothyroidism, 25
impaired carbohydrate metabolism, 44
iodine deficiency, 25
LH and FSH, 33
parathyroid, 26
pituitary apoplexy, 33
pituitary gland related disorders, 28
smoking-induced oxidative stress, 350–352
tobacco smoking-induced inflammatory
response, 352
See also Bisphenol A (BPA)
Metabolic pathways, 45
Metabolic sensors, 60
Metabolic syndrome, 58, 84, 252
smoking, 345
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), 34, 84, 309–312
causes, 309
description, 309
EDCs, 309
environmental factors, 309
Index
Intermittent fasting (cont.)
OMAD, 445
periodic fasting, 444, 446
religions, 444
techniques, 444
types, 444, 448
warrior diet 20:4, 445
International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 126
Intumescent coatings, 225
Invertebrates, 336
Iodine, 400
Iodine deficiency, 25, 461
Irish moss, 461
K
Kreb’s cycle, 58
Kussmaul’s respiration, 37
L
Lactation abnormalities, 29
Lactic acidosis
GPR81 receptors, 85
metabolic substrates, 85
physiological and pathological
conditions, 85
Langerhans, 19
Lead, 213
cell membrane and RBCs, 212
GSH, 212
IL-8 synthesis, 213
inflammation, 213
lipid membrane, 212
oxidative stress, 212
oxides and peroxides, 212
sources, 211
Leloir pathway, 46
Leptin, 214
Lesch–Nyhan disease, 75
Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
genetics, 76
treatment, 76
Lipid homeostasis, 87
Lipid metabolism, 215, 358, 359, 362, 363
AFs toxicity, 385
Lipodystrophy, 360
Lipoproteins, 105, 257
Liposomes, 433
Long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids
(LC-PUFA), 91
Lycopene, 493, 495
Lyophilization, NPs, 425
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), 74
cellular organelles, 74
genetics, 75
treatment, 75
M
Macro-nutrients, 395
Maillard reaction, 178, 184
Mainstream smoker, 346
Malnutrition, 395
McArdle disease, 51
Metabolic disorder chemicals (MDCs)
in animal models, 290
in vivo animal models, 284
on lipid metabolism, 282
on obesity, 281
pesticides role, 277 (see also Pesticides)
on protein peroxidation, 281
sexual distinctions, brain, 285
Metabolic disorders, 86, 125, 126, 259, 260
carbohydrates, 44
defined, 44
diabetes, 34, 35
DKA, 36, 37
ED, 30
enzyme deficiency, 44
galactorrhea, 29
HHNC, 37, 38
hyperthyroidism, 24
hypoglycemia, 35
hypopituitarism, 32
hypothalamus, 33
hypothyroidism, 25
impaired carbohydrate metabolism, 44
iodine deficiency, 25
LH and FSH, 33
parathyroid, 26
pituitary apoplexy, 33
pituitary gland related disorders, 28
smoking-induced oxidative stress, 350–352
tobacco smoking-induced inflammatory
response, 352
See also Bisphenol A (BPA)
Metabolic pathways, 45
Metabolic sensors, 60
Metabolic syndrome, 58, 84, 252
smoking, 345
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), 34, 84, 309–312
causes, 309
description, 309
EDCs, 309
environmental factors, 309
Index