511
adrenal gland, 13
glucocorticoids, 15
gonads, 17
hormones, 5
hypothalamus, 5
mineralocorticoid, 16
parathyroid glands, 12
PTH, 12
thyroid gland, 10
Endocrine hormones, 458
description, 21–24
Endocrine system, 4, 324, 346
roles, 358
Endocrinologic agents, 360
Endoplasmic stress, 352
Energy homeostasis, 469
Environmental chemicals, 228, see Pesticides
Environmental hazards, 222
Environmental PAHs (ePAHs)
carbonaceous products, 326
description, 326
exposure of humans, 329–330
marine, 329
source and forms, 326
Environmental tobacco smoker, 346
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), 70, 75
Enzymes, 277–280, 287
Epigenetic markers, 287
Epoxy resins, 252
Erectile dysfunction (ED), 30
causes, 30
primary, 30
secondary, 30
signs and symptoms, 30
ERK/Akt signaling pathways, 138
Estrogen, 17, 257–260, 374, 375
Euthyroidism, 462
Excessive weight gain, 227
E-waste, 120
F
Female hormonal problems
marvelous herb, 473
menopause, 481
milk thistle, 477
red raspberry, 477
vitex, 477
Fire retardancy, 224
Flame-retardants (FRs)
additive FRs, 223
biodegradation, 222
endocrine disruption, 226, 227
as environmental pollutants, 225–226
flammability, 223
halogenated, 224
inorganic FRs, 225
intumescent coatings, 225
market share, 223
material’s temperature, 223
mechanisms, zones, 224
nitrogenous, 225
organophosphate, 224
rate of heating, 223
safety protocols, 222
vapor/condensed phase, 223
Flammability
combustion and propagation, 223
decomposition, 223
description, 223
as FRs, 223
ignition, 223
preheating of material, 223
Flavobacteria species, 141
Fluorinated chemicals, 302
Fluorinated substances, 302
Fluorochemicals, 302
Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), 304,
307, 314
Fluorotelomer species, 314
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
ovarian follicles, 9
production, 9
Food crops, 269
Free fatty acid (FFA), 349
Free radicals, 403, 405
Furan
aldotetrose, 184
amino acids, 182
anaerobic condition, 183
ascorbic acid, 183
cardiotoxic effects, 195
chemical formula, 176
derivatives, 176, 177, 179–181
detection, 185
digestive system, 193
EDCs compounds, 176
in food and pharmaceutical products, 177
food by-products, 178
food processing, 197
formation, 183
genotoxicity, 193
GGT, 191
hepatocarcinogenic lesions, 192
liver and kidney, 194
metabolites, 192
molecular weight, 176
occurrence, 177
Index
adrenal gland, 13
glucocorticoids, 15
gonads, 17
hormones, 5
hypothalamus, 5
mineralocorticoid, 16
parathyroid glands, 12
PTH, 12
thyroid gland, 10
Endocrine hormones, 458
description, 21–24
Endocrine system, 4, 324, 346
roles, 358
Endocrinologic agents, 360
Endoplasmic stress, 352
Energy homeostasis, 469
Environmental chemicals, 228, see Pesticides
Environmental hazards, 222
Environmental PAHs (ePAHs)
carbonaceous products, 326
description, 326
exposure of humans, 329–330
marine, 329
source and forms, 326
Environmental tobacco smoker, 346
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), 70, 75
Enzymes, 277–280, 287
Epigenetic markers, 287
Epoxy resins, 252
Erectile dysfunction (ED), 30
causes, 30
primary, 30
secondary, 30
signs and symptoms, 30
ERK/Akt signaling pathways, 138
Estrogen, 17, 257–260, 374, 375
Euthyroidism, 462
Excessive weight gain, 227
E-waste, 120
F
Female hormonal problems
marvelous herb, 473
menopause, 481
milk thistle, 477
red raspberry, 477
vitex, 477
Fire retardancy, 224
Flame-retardants (FRs)
additive FRs, 223
biodegradation, 222
endocrine disruption, 226, 227
as environmental pollutants, 225–226
flammability, 223
halogenated, 224
inorganic FRs, 225
intumescent coatings, 225
market share, 223
material’s temperature, 223
mechanisms, zones, 224
nitrogenous, 225
organophosphate, 224
rate of heating, 223
safety protocols, 222
vapor/condensed phase, 223
Flammability
combustion and propagation, 223
decomposition, 223
description, 223
as FRs, 223
ignition, 223
preheating of material, 223
Flavobacteria species, 141
Fluorinated chemicals, 302
Fluorinated substances, 302
Fluorochemicals, 302
Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), 304,
307, 314
Fluorotelomer species, 314
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
ovarian follicles, 9
production, 9
Food crops, 269
Free fatty acid (FFA), 349
Free radicals, 403, 405
Furan
aldotetrose, 184
amino acids, 182
anaerobic condition, 183
ascorbic acid, 183
cardiotoxic effects, 195
chemical formula, 176
derivatives, 176, 177, 179–181
detection, 185
digestive system, 193
EDCs compounds, 176
in food and pharmaceutical products, 177
food by-products, 178
food processing, 197
formation, 183
genotoxicity, 193
GGT, 191
hepatocarcinogenic lesions, 192
liver and kidney, 194
metabolites, 192
molecular weight, 176
occurrence, 177
Index