492
to man- made organic pollutants, persistent organic pollutant (POPs) [15]. POPs are
easily accumulated in fatty tissues due to their lipophilic nature [16]. Therefore, the
exposure of these endocrine disrupting chemicals results in disruption of normal
energy homeostasis control [17]. Thyroid function become impaired and result in
decrease metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins [18, 19]. Hence, the obesogenic and metabolic dysregulation ability leads to development of metabolic disorders. In this chapter we have discussed the effect of bioactive compounds in these
EDCs induced metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Bioactive Compounds and EDCs Induced Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus
Insulin insufficiency or insulin dysfunction leads to metabolic disorder characterized by Diabetes [20]. EDCs such as bisphenol A act on non-classical estrogen triggered pathways leading to metabolic dysfunction and disruption of insulin signaling
and glucose metabolism resulting in diabetes mellitus [21–23].
Effects of Bioactive Compounds in Combating Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus
Bioactive compounds have been proposed to reduce the incidence and progression
of many diseases including T2DM. The use of these compounds is advantageous
due to easy availability, safety, and few side effects [24, 25]. Polyphenols, phytosterols, carotenoids, and prebiotics are major bioactive compounds that have been
shown promising activity type 2 DM.
Resveratrol
Resveratrol exhibits antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, maintains metal
homeostasis, and increases mitochondrial function. The actual source of resveratrol
is red wines, grapes skin and seeds [26]. Resveratrol potentiates glucose-stimulated
insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in insulin secreting cells [27].
Quercetin
Quercetin is a flavonoid that has the potential for the treatment of DM [28–30].
Quercetin is found in broccoli, apple, tea, and red onions and exhibits antioxidant,
antiapoptotic, and antiinflammatory properties [31]. It regulates phosphorylation of
T. H. Mallhi et al.
to man- made organic pollutants, persistent organic pollutant (POPs) [15]. POPs are
easily accumulated in fatty tissues due to their lipophilic nature [16]. Therefore, the
exposure of these endocrine disrupting chemicals results in disruption of normal
energy homeostasis control [17]. Thyroid function become impaired and result in
decrease metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins [18, 19]. Hence, the obesogenic and metabolic dysregulation ability leads to development of metabolic disorders. In this chapter we have discussed the effect of bioactive compounds in these
EDCs induced metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Bioactive Compounds and EDCs Induced Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus
Insulin insufficiency or insulin dysfunction leads to metabolic disorder characterized by Diabetes [20]. EDCs such as bisphenol A act on non-classical estrogen triggered pathways leading to metabolic dysfunction and disruption of insulin signaling
and glucose metabolism resulting in diabetes mellitus [21–23].
Effects of Bioactive Compounds in Combating Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus
Bioactive compounds have been proposed to reduce the incidence and progression
of many diseases including T2DM. The use of these compounds is advantageous
due to easy availability, safety, and few side effects [24, 25]. Polyphenols, phytosterols, carotenoids, and prebiotics are major bioactive compounds that have been
shown promising activity type 2 DM.
Resveratrol
Resveratrol exhibits antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, maintains metal
homeostasis, and increases mitochondrial function. The actual source of resveratrol
is red wines, grapes skin and seeds [26]. Resveratrol potentiates glucose-stimulated
insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in insulin secreting cells [27].
Quercetin
Quercetin is a flavonoid that has the potential for the treatment of DM [28–30].
Quercetin is found in broccoli, apple, tea, and red onions and exhibits antioxidant,
antiapoptotic, and antiinflammatory properties [31]. It regulates phosphorylation of
T. H. Mallhi et al.