435
Conclusion
The principle purpose of this chapter is to furnish an insight into the available techniques to formulate the fascinating polymeric NPs. It is of supreme importance to
effectively consider vital parameters to select a method for NPs preparation.
Methods of preparation of NPs have evolved based on several concerns such as
economical scale-up by simplifying the process, enhance yield and entrapment efficiency by optimization and avoiding toxic reagents by utilizing techniques involving fewer toxic chemicals. Efficient entrapment of drug and easy large-scale
production is of prime importance for applicability at the industrial scale.
Innumerable techniques are available for fabrication of NPs and with advances in
technology several important modifications have been made thus providing safe,
feasible, and reproducible techniques for the formulation of drug-loaded nanocapsules and nanospheres. Depending on the physicochemical aspects of the drug, it
has now become convenient to select an appropriate preparation technique and suitable polymer to enhance drug entrapment efficiency. The selected technique should
curtail the loss of drug or responses. In this regard, the development of a method that
enables the inclusion of drugs with no effect on their pharmacological activity
establishes the elementary aim for nanotechnology. These efforts strongly unite the
fascinating world of NPs research to commercial applications such as the management of metabolic diseases including diabetes and cancer.
Conflict of Interest Nothing to declare.
References
1. Sharma N, Madan P, Lin S. Effect of process and formulation variables on the preparation
of parenteral paclitaxel-loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles: a co-surfactant study.
Asian J Pharmaceut Sci. 2016;11(3):404–16.
2. Mohanraj V, Chen Y. Nanoparticles–a review. Trop J Pharm Res. 2006;5(1):561–73.
3. Hans M, Lowman A. Biodegradable nanoparticles for drug delivery and targeting. Curr.
Opinion Solid State Mater. Sci. 2002;6(4):319–27.
4. Singh R, Lillard JW. Nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 2009;
86(3):215–23.
5. del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Delgado D, Gascón AR, Solinís MÁ. Lipid nanoparticles as drug/
gene delivery systems to the retina. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2013;29(2):173–88.
6. Reyes-Ortega F, Rodríguez G, Aguilar MR, Lord M, Whitelock J, Stenzel MH, et al.
Encapsulation of low molecular weight heparin (bemiparin) into polymeric nanoparticles
obtained from cationic block copolymers: properties and cell activity. J Mater Chem B.
2013;1(6):850–60.
7. Zhao J, Feng S-S. Effects of PEG tethering chain length of vitamin E TPGS with a
Herceptin-functionalized nanoparticle formulation for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs.
Biomaterials. 2014;35(10):3340–7.
25 Role of Nanoparticles in the Management of Metabolic Disorders
Conclusion
The principle purpose of this chapter is to furnish an insight into the available techniques to formulate the fascinating polymeric NPs. It is of supreme importance to
effectively consider vital parameters to select a method for NPs preparation.
Methods of preparation of NPs have evolved based on several concerns such as
economical scale-up by simplifying the process, enhance yield and entrapment efficiency by optimization and avoiding toxic reagents by utilizing techniques involving fewer toxic chemicals. Efficient entrapment of drug and easy large-scale
production is of prime importance for applicability at the industrial scale.
Innumerable techniques are available for fabrication of NPs and with advances in
technology several important modifications have been made thus providing safe,
feasible, and reproducible techniques for the formulation of drug-loaded nanocapsules and nanospheres. Depending on the physicochemical aspects of the drug, it
has now become convenient to select an appropriate preparation technique and suitable polymer to enhance drug entrapment efficiency. The selected technique should
curtail the loss of drug or responses. In this regard, the development of a method that
enables the inclusion of drugs with no effect on their pharmacological activity
establishes the elementary aim for nanotechnology. These efforts strongly unite the
fascinating world of NPs research to commercial applications such as the management of metabolic diseases including diabetes and cancer.
Conflict of Interest Nothing to declare.
References
1. Sharma N, Madan P, Lin S. Effect of process and formulation variables on the preparation
of parenteral paclitaxel-loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles: a co-surfactant study.
Asian J Pharmaceut Sci. 2016;11(3):404–16.
2. Mohanraj V, Chen Y. Nanoparticles–a review. Trop J Pharm Res. 2006;5(1):561–73.
3. Hans M, Lowman A. Biodegradable nanoparticles for drug delivery and targeting. Curr.
Opinion Solid State Mater. Sci. 2002;6(4):319–27.
4. Singh R, Lillard JW. Nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 2009;
86(3):215–23.
5. del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Delgado D, Gascón AR, Solinís MÁ. Lipid nanoparticles as drug/
gene delivery systems to the retina. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2013;29(2):173–88.
6. Reyes-Ortega F, Rodríguez G, Aguilar MR, Lord M, Whitelock J, Stenzel MH, et al.
Encapsulation of low molecular weight heparin (bemiparin) into polymeric nanoparticles
obtained from cationic block copolymers: properties and cell activity. J Mater Chem B.
2013;1(6):850–60.
7. Zhao J, Feng S-S. Effects of PEG tethering chain length of vitamin E TPGS with a
Herceptin-functionalized nanoparticle formulation for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs.
Biomaterials. 2014;35(10):3340–7.
25 Role of Nanoparticles in the Management of Metabolic Disorders