343
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. S. H. Akash et al. (eds.), Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-induced
Metabolic Disorders and Treatment Strategies, Emerging Contaminants
and Associated Treatment Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45923-9_20
Chapter 20
Tobacco Smoking as an EDC in Metabolic
Disorders
Komal Jabeen, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Kamran Haider,
Amna Faheem, Muhammad Tariq, and Kanwal Rehman
Abstract Tobacco smoking is a leading concern to a global health; kills almost six
million individuals annually and associated with life-threating health issues. Nearly
80% smokers live in middle- and low-income countries where illness and mortality
rate due to cigarette smoking are higher. Tobacco smoking is interlinked with a
numerous disease, comprising lungs cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
infertility, cardiovascular events, stroke, and metabolic disorders. Tobacco smoking
has ability to obstruct and/or interfere in the function of endocrine system; has been
entitled as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs are a heterogeneous group
of exogenous compounds that can restrict with several facets of endogenous hormones. Standard role of endocrine system is reliant on hormonal/enzymatic pathway which may act as chemical and biological messengers to regulate the
physiological functions of an organism. Tobacco smoking is also responsible to
impair the regular metabolic pathway through interaction with members of superfamily of nuclear receptor such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, thyroid hormone receptors, liver X receptor, and retinoid X receptor. Smoking can also
affect the multiple pathways including inflammatory response, DNA damaging, and
K. Jabeen · A. Faheem
Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
M. S. H. Akash
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
K. Haider · K. Rehman (*)
Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
M. Tariq
Department of Pharmacology, Lahore Pharmacy College, Lahore, Pakistan
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. S. H. Akash et al. (eds.), Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-induced
Metabolic Disorders and Treatment Strategies, Emerging Contaminants
and Associated Treatment Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45923-9_20
Chapter 20
Tobacco Smoking as an EDC in Metabolic
Disorders
Komal Jabeen, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Kamran Haider,
Amna Faheem, Muhammad Tariq, and Kanwal Rehman
Abstract Tobacco smoking is a leading concern to a global health; kills almost six
million individuals annually and associated with life-threating health issues. Nearly
80% smokers live in middle- and low-income countries where illness and mortality
rate due to cigarette smoking are higher. Tobacco smoking is interlinked with a
numerous disease, comprising lungs cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
infertility, cardiovascular events, stroke, and metabolic disorders. Tobacco smoking
has ability to obstruct and/or interfere in the function of endocrine system; has been
entitled as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs are a heterogeneous group
of exogenous compounds that can restrict with several facets of endogenous hormones. Standard role of endocrine system is reliant on hormonal/enzymatic pathway which may act as chemical and biological messengers to regulate the
physiological functions of an organism. Tobacco smoking is also responsible to
impair the regular metabolic pathway through interaction with members of superfamily of nuclear receptor such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, thyroid hormone receptors, liver X receptor, and retinoid X receptor. Smoking can also
affect the multiple pathways including inflammatory response, DNA damaging, and
K. Jabeen · A. Faheem
Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
M. S. H. Akash
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
K. Haider · K. Rehman (*)
Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
M. Tariq
Department of Pharmacology, Lahore Pharmacy College, Lahore, Pakistan