221
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. S. H. Akash et al. (eds.), Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-induced
Metabolic Disorders and Treatment Strategies, Emerging Contaminants
and Associated Treatment Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45923-9_14
Chapter 14
Role of Flame-Retardants as EDCs
in Metabolic Disorders
Talib Hussain, Abid Mehmood Yousaf, Muhammad Usman Ghori,
Ikram Ullah Khan, Tahir Ali Chohan, Syed A. A. Rizvi, and Yasser Shahzad
Abstract The destructive potential of fire is well known and thus it makes sense to
prevent it from happening at all, or slow its rate of spread and to be able to stop it as
soon as it happens in undesirable situations. Flame retardants (FRs), as the name
indicates, are chemical substances with the capability of slowing down or preventing the growth of fire, have been used in many households and industrial products
for a while now. Many kinds of FRs are currently in use, such as halogenated,
organophosphate, nitrogenous, inorganic, and intumescent coatings. These products
are also well known to have many side effects, including carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, endocrine disruption, and immune system disorders. Not all fire retardants are made or function the same way thus vary in extent of fire-retardant capacity
as well as toxic side effects. Herein we succinctly describe various classes of chemical FRs, and associated biological hazards to humans. We have also described
Talib Hussain and Abid Mehmood Yousaf are co-First authors.
T. Hussain · A. M. Yousaf · Y. Shahzad (*)
Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore,
Pakistan
M. U. Ghori
Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield,
Huddersfield, UK
I. U. Khan
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College
University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
T. A. Chohan
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore,
Pakistan
S. A. A. Rizvi
Hampton School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. S. H. Akash et al. (eds.), Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-induced
Metabolic Disorders and Treatment Strategies, Emerging Contaminants
and Associated Treatment Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45923-9_14
Chapter 14
Role of Flame-Retardants as EDCs
in Metabolic Disorders
Talib Hussain, Abid Mehmood Yousaf, Muhammad Usman Ghori,
Ikram Ullah Khan, Tahir Ali Chohan, Syed A. A. Rizvi, and Yasser Shahzad
Abstract The destructive potential of fire is well known and thus it makes sense to
prevent it from happening at all, or slow its rate of spread and to be able to stop it as
soon as it happens in undesirable situations. Flame retardants (FRs), as the name
indicates, are chemical substances with the capability of slowing down or preventing the growth of fire, have been used in many households and industrial products
for a while now. Many kinds of FRs are currently in use, such as halogenated,
organophosphate, nitrogenous, inorganic, and intumescent coatings. These products
are also well known to have many side effects, including carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, endocrine disruption, and immune system disorders. Not all fire retardants are made or function the same way thus vary in extent of fire-retardant capacity
as well as toxic side effects. Herein we succinctly describe various classes of chemical FRs, and associated biological hazards to humans. We have also described
Talib Hussain and Abid Mehmood Yousaf are co-First authors.
T. Hussain · A. M. Yousaf · Y. Shahzad (*)
Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore,
Pakistan
M. U. Ghori
Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield,
Huddersfield, UK
I. U. Khan
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College
University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
T. A. Chohan
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore,
Pakistan
S. A. A. Rizvi
Hampton School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA