200
44. EFSA J. Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request
from the commission related to zearalenone as undesirable substance in animal feed. EFSA
J. 2004;89:1–35.
45. Burka LT, Washburn KD, Irwin RD. Disposition of [14C] furan in the male F344 rat. J
Toxicol Environ Health. 1991;34(2):245–57.
46. Ravindranath V, Burka LT, Boyd MR. Reactive metabolites from the bioactivation of toxic
methylfurans. Science. 1984;224(4651):884–6.
47. Chen T, Williams TD, Mally A, Hamberger C, Mirbahai L, Hickling K, et al. Gene expression
and epigenetic changes by furan in rat liver. Toxicology. 2012;292(2–3):63–70.
48. Ravindranath V, Boyd MR. Metabolic activation of 2-methylfuran by rat microsomal systems. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985;78(3):370–6.
49. Palmen N, Evelo C. Glutathione depletion in human erythrocytes and rat liver: a study on
the interplay between bioactivation and inactivation functions of liver and blood. Toxicol In
Vitro. 1996;10(3):273–81.
50. Alizadeh M, Barati M, Saleh-Ghadimi S, Roshanravan N, Zeinalian R, Jabbari M. Industrial
furan and its biological effects on the body systems. J Food Biochem. 2018;42(5):e12597.
51. Gates LA, Lu D, Peterson LA. Trapping of cis-2-butene-1, 4-dial to measure furan metabolism in human liver microsomes by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos.
2012;40(3):596–601.
52. Hamberger C, Kellert M, Schauer UM, Dekant W, Mally A. Hepatobiliary toxicity of
furan: identification of furan metabolites in bile of male f344/n rats. Drug Metab Dispos.
2010;38(10):1698–706.
53. Terrell AN, Huynh M, Grill AE, Kovi RC, O'Sullivan MG, Guttenplan JB, et al. Mutagenicity
of furan in female Big Blue B6C3F1 mice. Mut Res/Gen Toxicol Environ Mutagen.
2014;770:46–54.
54. Elmore LW, Sirica AE. Phenotypic characterization of metaplastic intestinal glands and ductular hepatocytes in cholangiofibrotic lesions rapidly induced in the caudate liver lobe of rats
treated with furan. Cancer Res. 1991;51(20):5752–9.
55. Ramaiah SK. A toxicologist guide to the diagnostic interpretation of hepatic biochemical
parameters. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007;45(9):1551–7.
56. Smith G. Applied clinical pathology in preclinical toxicology testing. In: Handbook of toxicologic pathology. Amsterdam: Academic Press; 2002. p. 123–56.
57. Mally A, Graff C, Schmal O, Moro S, Hamberger C, Schauer UM, et al. Functional and proliferative effects of repeated low-dose oral administration of furan in rat liver. Mol Nutr Food
Res. 2010;54(11):1556–67.
58. Selmanoğlu G, Karacaoğlu E, Kılıç A, Koçkaya EA, Akay MT. Toxicity of food contaminant
furan on liver and kidney of growing male rats. Environ Toxicol. 2012;27(10):613–22.
59. Du G, Song Z, Zhang Q. Gamma-glutamyltransferase is associated with cardiovascular and
all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Prev Med. 2013;57(1):31–7.
60. Zhang H, Forman HJ, Choi J. γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase in glutathione biosynthesis. Methods
Enzymol. 2005;401:468–83.
61. Whitfield J. Gamma glutamyl transferase. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2001;38(4):263–355.
62. Loomba R, Doycheva I, Bettencourt R, Cohen B, Wassel CL, Brenner D, et al. Serum
γ-glutamyltranspeptidase predicts all-cause, cardiovascular and liver mortality in older
adults. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2013;3(1):4–11.
63. Kozakova M, Palombo C, Paterni Eng M, Dekker J, Flyvbjerg A, Mitrakou A, et al.
Fatty liver index, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and early carotid plaques. Hepatology.
2012;55(5):1406–15.
64. Ramm S, Limbeck E, Mally A. Functional and cellular consequences of covalent target protein modification by furan in rat liver. Toxicology. 2016;361:49–61.
65. Subhan F, Khan I, Arif R, Khan A, Khan A. Serum lipid profile as an indicator of the severity
of liver damage in cirrhotic patients. Rawal Med J. 2012;37(4):387–9.
S. Muzammil et al.
44. EFSA J. Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request
from the commission related to zearalenone as undesirable substance in animal feed. EFSA
J. 2004;89:1–35.
45. Burka LT, Washburn KD, Irwin RD. Disposition of [14C] furan in the male F344 rat. J
Toxicol Environ Health. 1991;34(2):245–57.
46. Ravindranath V, Burka LT, Boyd MR. Reactive metabolites from the bioactivation of toxic
methylfurans. Science. 1984;224(4651):884–6.
47. Chen T, Williams TD, Mally A, Hamberger C, Mirbahai L, Hickling K, et al. Gene expression
and epigenetic changes by furan in rat liver. Toxicology. 2012;292(2–3):63–70.
48. Ravindranath V, Boyd MR. Metabolic activation of 2-methylfuran by rat microsomal systems. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985;78(3):370–6.
49. Palmen N, Evelo C. Glutathione depletion in human erythrocytes and rat liver: a study on
the interplay between bioactivation and inactivation functions of liver and blood. Toxicol In
Vitro. 1996;10(3):273–81.
50. Alizadeh M, Barati M, Saleh-Ghadimi S, Roshanravan N, Zeinalian R, Jabbari M. Industrial
furan and its biological effects on the body systems. J Food Biochem. 2018;42(5):e12597.
51. Gates LA, Lu D, Peterson LA. Trapping of cis-2-butene-1, 4-dial to measure furan metabolism in human liver microsomes by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos.
2012;40(3):596–601.
52. Hamberger C, Kellert M, Schauer UM, Dekant W, Mally A. Hepatobiliary toxicity of
furan: identification of furan metabolites in bile of male f344/n rats. Drug Metab Dispos.
2010;38(10):1698–706.
53. Terrell AN, Huynh M, Grill AE, Kovi RC, O'Sullivan MG, Guttenplan JB, et al. Mutagenicity
of furan in female Big Blue B6C3F1 mice. Mut Res/Gen Toxicol Environ Mutagen.
2014;770:46–54.
54. Elmore LW, Sirica AE. Phenotypic characterization of metaplastic intestinal glands and ductular hepatocytes in cholangiofibrotic lesions rapidly induced in the caudate liver lobe of rats
treated with furan. Cancer Res. 1991;51(20):5752–9.
55. Ramaiah SK. A toxicologist guide to the diagnostic interpretation of hepatic biochemical
parameters. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007;45(9):1551–7.
56. Smith G. Applied clinical pathology in preclinical toxicology testing. In: Handbook of toxicologic pathology. Amsterdam: Academic Press; 2002. p. 123–56.
57. Mally A, Graff C, Schmal O, Moro S, Hamberger C, Schauer UM, et al. Functional and proliferative effects of repeated low-dose oral administration of furan in rat liver. Mol Nutr Food
Res. 2010;54(11):1556–67.
58. Selmanoğlu G, Karacaoğlu E, Kılıç A, Koçkaya EA, Akay MT. Toxicity of food contaminant
furan on liver and kidney of growing male rats. Environ Toxicol. 2012;27(10):613–22.
59. Du G, Song Z, Zhang Q. Gamma-glutamyltransferase is associated with cardiovascular and
all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Prev Med. 2013;57(1):31–7.
60. Zhang H, Forman HJ, Choi J. γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase in glutathione biosynthesis. Methods
Enzymol. 2005;401:468–83.
61. Whitfield J. Gamma glutamyl transferase. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2001;38(4):263–355.
62. Loomba R, Doycheva I, Bettencourt R, Cohen B, Wassel CL, Brenner D, et al. Serum
γ-glutamyltranspeptidase predicts all-cause, cardiovascular and liver mortality in older
adults. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2013;3(1):4–11.
63. Kozakova M, Palombo C, Paterni Eng M, Dekker J, Flyvbjerg A, Mitrakou A, et al.
Fatty liver index, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and early carotid plaques. Hepatology.
2012;55(5):1406–15.
64. Ramm S, Limbeck E, Mally A. Functional and cellular consequences of covalent target protein modification by furan in rat liver. Toxicology. 2016;361:49–61.
65. Subhan F, Khan I, Arif R, Khan A, Khan A. Serum lipid profile as an indicator of the severity
of liver damage in cirrhotic patients. Rawal Med J. 2012;37(4):387–9.
S. Muzammil et al.