183
Furan Formation via Ascorbic Acids Oxidation
Another precursor of furan formation is ascorbic acid which go under oxidation
reaction. It acts like reducing sugars and follow two parallel methods to form furan
[34]. Ascorbic acid will go either under aerobic condition or anaerobic condition
which ultimately produce furan but follow two different ways. In aerobic condition,
it oxidized to produce dehydro-ascorbic acid in the presence of the acidic environment. Which further hydrolysed and form 2,3-diketogulonic acid (DKG), which
further undergo chemical reaction to produce xylosone and 2-deoxy-aldotetrose by
decarboxylization. These two compounds are then used to form furan. In anaerobic
condition, dehydro-ascorbic acid cannot be produced therefore ascorbic acid is
unable to oxidized to produce DKG. Therefore, it goes to hydrolyzation and
b- elimination, which further undergoes decarboxylation and produce
3- deoxypentosulose (DP). This 3-deoxypetosulose when undergo further processed
formed ribose that is used in furan formation. Ascorbic acid is also responsible to
produce furan derivatives such as furfural and furoic acid in the presence of high
temperature at 300 °C and the absence of water. Ascorbic acid-producing furan and
derivatives gain its attention as it has impact on browning reaction occur in orange
juice along with other compounds. Research has shown it produces furan or its precursors, that react with sugars and chelating agents. Figure 12.4 shows furan formation via ascorbic acids.
Furan Formation via Oxidation of PUFA and Carotenoids
Oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in food processing
produce lipid peroxides. This lipid peroxides cause undesirable flavour in food. As
an intermediate of this reaction 2-alkenals, 4-oxo2-alkenals and
Fig. 12.4 Formation of furan through Ascorbic acid
12 Role of Furans as EDCs in Metabolic Disorders
Furan Formation via Ascorbic Acids Oxidation
Another precursor of furan formation is ascorbic acid which go under oxidation
reaction. It acts like reducing sugars and follow two parallel methods to form furan
[34]. Ascorbic acid will go either under aerobic condition or anaerobic condition
which ultimately produce furan but follow two different ways. In aerobic condition,
it oxidized to produce dehydro-ascorbic acid in the presence of the acidic environment. Which further hydrolysed and form 2,3-diketogulonic acid (DKG), which
further undergo chemical reaction to produce xylosone and 2-deoxy-aldotetrose by
decarboxylization. These two compounds are then used to form furan. In anaerobic
condition, dehydro-ascorbic acid cannot be produced therefore ascorbic acid is
unable to oxidized to produce DKG. Therefore, it goes to hydrolyzation and
b- elimination, which further undergoes decarboxylation and produce
3- deoxypentosulose (DP). This 3-deoxypetosulose when undergo further processed
formed ribose that is used in furan formation. Ascorbic acid is also responsible to
produce furan derivatives such as furfural and furoic acid in the presence of high
temperature at 300 °C and the absence of water. Ascorbic acid-producing furan and
derivatives gain its attention as it has impact on browning reaction occur in orange
juice along with other compounds. Research has shown it produces furan or its precursors, that react with sugars and chelating agents. Figure 12.4 shows furan formation via ascorbic acids.
Furan Formation via Oxidation of PUFA and Carotenoids
Oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in food processing
produce lipid peroxides. This lipid peroxides cause undesirable flavour in food. As
an intermediate of this reaction 2-alkenals, 4-oxo2-alkenals and
Fig. 12.4 Formation of furan through Ascorbic acid
12 Role of Furans as EDCs in Metabolic Disorders