159
30. Maloney EK, Waxman DJ. trans-Activation of PPARα and PPARγ by structurally diverse environmental chemicals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999;161(2):209–18.
31. Feige JN, Gelman L, Rossi D, Zoete V, Metivier R, Tudor C, et al. The endocrine disruptor
mono-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate is a selective PPARγ modulator which promotes adipogenesis. J
Biol Chem. 2007;282:19152–66.
32. Hoepner LA. Bisphenol A: a narrative review of prenatal exposure effects on adipogenesis
and childhood obesity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Environ Res.
2019;173:54–68.
33. Sales LB, Kamstra J, Cenijn P, Van Rijt L, Hamers T, Legler J. Effects of endocrine disrupting
chemicals on in vitro global DNA methylation and adipocyte differentiation. Toxicol In Vitro.
2013;27(6):1634–43.
34. Watkins AM, Wood CR, Lin MT, Abbott BD. The effects of perfluorinated chemicals on adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015;400:90–101.
35. Dirinck E, Jorens P, Van Gaal L. Obesity and obesity-related diseases: a consequence of our
man-made chemical environment? Health. 2012;4(12):1556.
36. Somm E, Schwitzgebel VM, Toulotte A, Cederroth CR, Combescure C, Nef S, et al. Perinatal
exposure to bisphenol a alters early adipogenesis in the rat. Environ Health Perspect.
2009;117(10):1549–55.
37. Mostafa R, El-Serafi A, Shafei A. The stolen dreams, endocrine disrupting chemicals and
childhood obesity. Med Res Chron. 2015;2(5):564–71.
38. Hoepner LA, Whyatt RM, Widen EM, Hassoun A, Oberfield SE, Mueller NT, et al. Bisphenol
A and adiposity in an inner-city birth cohort. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124(10):1644–50.
39. Volberg V, Harley K, Calafat AM, Davé V, McFadden J, Eskenazi B, et al. Maternal bisphenol
a exposure during pregnancy and its association with adipokines in Mexican-American children. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2013;54(8):621–8.
40. Wang H, Zhou Y, Tang C, He Y, Wu J, Chen Y, et al. Urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese school children. PLoS One.
2013;8(2):e56800.
41. Trasande L, Attina TM, Sathyanarayana S, Spanier AJ, Blustein J. Race/ethnicity–specific
associations of urinary phthalates with childhood body mass in a nationally representative
sample. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(4):501–6.
42. Buser MC, Murray HE, Scinicariello F. Age and sex differences in childhood and adulthood
obesity association with phthalates: analyses of NHANES 2007–2010. Int J Hyg Environ
Health. 2014;217(6):687–94.
43. Teitelbaum SL, Mervish N, Moshier EL, Vangeepuram N, Galvez MP, Calafat AM, et al.
Associations between phthalate metabolite urinary concentrations and body size measures in
New York City children. Environ Res. 2012;112:186–93.
44. Warner M, Wesselink A, Harley KG, Bradman A, Kogut K, Eskenazi B. Prenatal exposure
to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and obesity at 9 years of age in the CHAMACOS study
cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(11):1312–22.
45. Manzano-Salgado CB, Casas M, Lopez-Espinosa M-J, Ballester F, Iñiguez C, Martinez D,
et al. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and cardiometabolic risk in children from
the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort study. Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125(9):097018.
46. Zhang Y, Meng X, Chen L, Li D, Zhao L, Zhao Y, et al. Age and sex-specific relationships between phthalate exposures and obesity in Chinese children at puberty. PLoS One.
2014;9(8):e104852.
47. Tang-Péronard JL, Heitmann BL, Andersen HR, Steuerwald U, Grandjean P, Weihe P, et al.
Association between prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and obesity development at
ages 5 and 7 y: a prospective cohort study of 656 children from the Faroe Islands. Am J Clin
Nutr. 2013;99(1):5–13.
48. Manickum T, John W. Occurrence, fate and environmental risk assessment of endocrine disrupting compounds at the wastewater treatment works in Pietermaritzburg (South Africa). Sci
Total Environ. 2014;468:584–97.
10 Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Induced Childhood Obesity
30. Maloney EK, Waxman DJ. trans-Activation of PPARα and PPARγ by structurally diverse environmental chemicals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999;161(2):209–18.
31. Feige JN, Gelman L, Rossi D, Zoete V, Metivier R, Tudor C, et al. The endocrine disruptor
mono-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate is a selective PPARγ modulator which promotes adipogenesis. J
Biol Chem. 2007;282:19152–66.
32. Hoepner LA. Bisphenol A: a narrative review of prenatal exposure effects on adipogenesis
and childhood obesity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Environ Res.
2019;173:54–68.
33. Sales LB, Kamstra J, Cenijn P, Van Rijt L, Hamers T, Legler J. Effects of endocrine disrupting
chemicals on in vitro global DNA methylation and adipocyte differentiation. Toxicol In Vitro.
2013;27(6):1634–43.
34. Watkins AM, Wood CR, Lin MT, Abbott BD. The effects of perfluorinated chemicals on adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015;400:90–101.
35. Dirinck E, Jorens P, Van Gaal L. Obesity and obesity-related diseases: a consequence of our
man-made chemical environment? Health. 2012;4(12):1556.
36. Somm E, Schwitzgebel VM, Toulotte A, Cederroth CR, Combescure C, Nef S, et al. Perinatal
exposure to bisphenol a alters early adipogenesis in the rat. Environ Health Perspect.
2009;117(10):1549–55.
37. Mostafa R, El-Serafi A, Shafei A. The stolen dreams, endocrine disrupting chemicals and
childhood obesity. Med Res Chron. 2015;2(5):564–71.
38. Hoepner LA, Whyatt RM, Widen EM, Hassoun A, Oberfield SE, Mueller NT, et al. Bisphenol
A and adiposity in an inner-city birth cohort. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124(10):1644–50.
39. Volberg V, Harley K, Calafat AM, Davé V, McFadden J, Eskenazi B, et al. Maternal bisphenol
a exposure during pregnancy and its association with adipokines in Mexican-American children. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2013;54(8):621–8.
40. Wang H, Zhou Y, Tang C, He Y, Wu J, Chen Y, et al. Urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese school children. PLoS One.
2013;8(2):e56800.
41. Trasande L, Attina TM, Sathyanarayana S, Spanier AJ, Blustein J. Race/ethnicity–specific
associations of urinary phthalates with childhood body mass in a nationally representative
sample. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(4):501–6.
42. Buser MC, Murray HE, Scinicariello F. Age and sex differences in childhood and adulthood
obesity association with phthalates: analyses of NHANES 2007–2010. Int J Hyg Environ
Health. 2014;217(6):687–94.
43. Teitelbaum SL, Mervish N, Moshier EL, Vangeepuram N, Galvez MP, Calafat AM, et al.
Associations between phthalate metabolite urinary concentrations and body size measures in
New York City children. Environ Res. 2012;112:186–93.
44. Warner M, Wesselink A, Harley KG, Bradman A, Kogut K, Eskenazi B. Prenatal exposure
to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and obesity at 9 years of age in the CHAMACOS study
cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(11):1312–22.
45. Manzano-Salgado CB, Casas M, Lopez-Espinosa M-J, Ballester F, Iñiguez C, Martinez D,
et al. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and cardiometabolic risk in children from
the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort study. Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125(9):097018.
46. Zhang Y, Meng X, Chen L, Li D, Zhao L, Zhao Y, et al. Age and sex-specific relationships between phthalate exposures and obesity in Chinese children at puberty. PLoS One.
2014;9(8):e104852.
47. Tang-Péronard JL, Heitmann BL, Andersen HR, Steuerwald U, Grandjean P, Weihe P, et al.
Association between prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and obesity development at
ages 5 and 7 y: a prospective cohort study of 656 children from the Faroe Islands. Am J Clin
Nutr. 2013;99(1):5–13.
48. Manickum T, John W. Occurrence, fate and environmental risk assessment of endocrine disrupting compounds at the wastewater treatment works in Pietermaritzburg (South Africa). Sci
Total Environ. 2014;468:584–97.
10 Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Induced Childhood Obesity